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There is increasingly more evidence that automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are biased against different speakers and speaker groups, e.g., due to gender, age, or accent. Research on bias in ASR has so far primarily focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Tanvina Patel , Wiebke Hutiri , Aaron Yi Ding , Odette Scharenborg

As research on machine translation moves to translating text beyond the sentence level, it remains unclear how effective automatic evaluation metrics are at scoring longer translations. In this work, we first propose a method for creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Daniel Deutsch , Juraj Juraska , Mara Finkelstein , Markus Freitag

Continuous autoregressive speech synthesis has recently emerged as a promising direction for zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS). However, existing methods still suffer from a fundamental mismatch between semantic-prosodic modeling and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Huimeng Wang , Hui Lu , Jiajun Deng , Haoning Xu , Youjun Chen , Xueyuan Chen , Zhaoqing Li , Shuhai Peng , Shiyin Kang , Xunying Liu

This paper introduces the first standardized benchmark for evaluating Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in the Bambara language, utilizing one hour of professionally recorded Malian constitutional text. Designed as a controlled reference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Seydou Diallo , Yacouba Diarra , Mamadou K. Keita , Panga Azazia Kamaté , Adam Bouno Kampo , Aboubacar Ouattara

Speech enhancement (SE) systems are typically evaluated using a variety of instrumental metrics. The use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems to evaluate SE performance is common in literature, usually in terms of word error rate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Danilo de Oliveira , Tal Peer , Timo Gerkmann

There are several issues with the existing general machine translation or natural language generation evaluation metrics, and question-answering (QA) systems are indifferent in that context. To build robust QA systems, we need the ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Farida Mustafazade , Peter F. Ebbinghaus

Conventionally, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are evaluated on their ability to correctly recognize each word contained in a speech signal. In this context, the word error rate (WER) metric is the reference for evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Thibault Bañeras Roux , Jane Wottawa , Mickael Rouvier , Teva Merlin , Richard Dufour

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have become ubiquitous in everyday applications, yet significant disparities in performance across diverse demographic groups persist. In this work, we introduce the ASR-FAIRBENCH leaderboard which…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Anand Rai , Satyam Rahangdale , Utkarsh Anand , Animesh Mukherjee

This paper introduces NoRefER, a novel referenceless quality metric for automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Traditional reference-based metrics for evaluating ASR systems require costly ground-truth transcripts. NoRefER overcomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Thiago Ferreira , Golara Javadi , Mohamed El-Badrashiny , Ahmet Gunduz

A robust evaluation metric has a profound impact on the development of text generation systems. A desirable metric compares system output against references based on their semantics rather than surface forms. In this paper we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Wei Zhao , Maxime Peyrard , Fei Liu , Yang Gao , Christian M. Meyer , Steffen Eger

Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) is a recently designed semantic representation language intended to capture the meaning of a sentence, which may be represented as a single-rooted directed acyclic graph with labeled nodes and edges.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Rafael T. Anchieta , Marco A. S. Cabezudo , Thiago A. S. Pardo

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) using huge unlabeled data has been successfully explored for image and natural language processing. Recent works also investigated SSL from speech. They were notably successful to improve performance on…

Pretraining-based (PT-based) automatic evaluation metrics (e.g., BERTScore and BARTScore) have been widely used in several sentence generation tasks (e.g., machine translation and text summarization) due to their better correlation with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Peiyuan Gong , Xuebo Liu , Heyan Huang , Min Zhang

Recent research on word-level confidence estimation for speech recognition systems has primarily focused on lightweight models known as Confidence Estimation Modules (CEMs), which rely on hand-engineered features derived from Automatic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-20 Vaibhav Aggarwal , Shabari S Nair , Yash Verma , Yash Jogi

The accuracy of Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) technology has improved, but it is still imperfect in many settings. Researchers who evaluate ASR performance often focus on improving the Word Error Rate (WER) metric, but WER has been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Sushant Kafle , Matt Huenerfauth

This paper offers a precise, formal definition of an audio-to-score alignment. While the concept of an alignment is intuitively grasped, this precision affords us new insight into the evaluation of audio-to-score alignment algorithms.…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-01 John Thickstun , Jennifer Brennan , Harsh Verma

Confidence estimation of predictions from an End-to-End (E2E) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model benefits ASR's downstream and upstream tasks. Class-probability-based confidence scores do not accurately represent the quality of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Nagarathna Ravi , Thishyan Raj T , Vipul Arora

Modern Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems can achieve high performance in terms of recognition accuracy. However, a perfectly accurate transcript still can be challenging to read due to disfluency, filter words, and other errata…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Junwei Liao , Yu Shi , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Sefik Eskimez , Liyang Lu , Hong Qu , Michael Zeng

We propose a novel multi-task pre-training method for Speech Emotion Recognition (SER). We pre-train SER model simultaneously on Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and sentiment classification tasks to make the acoustic ASR model more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Ayoub Ghriss , Bo Yang , Viktor Rozgic , Elizabeth Shriberg , Chao Wang

Widely used evaluation metrics for text generation either do not work well with longer texts or fail to evaluate all aspects of text quality. In this paper, we introduce a new metric called SMART to mitigate such limitations. Specifically,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Reinald Kim Amplayo , Peter J. Liu , Yao Zhao , Shashi Narayan