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All-optical image processing provides a fast and energy-efficient alternative to conventional electronic systems by directly manipulating optical wavefronts. However, metasurface-based optical processors reported to date are often limited…

Tunable metasurfaces enable active and on-demand control over optical wavefronts through reconfigurable scattering of resonant nanostructures. Here, we present novel insights inspired by mechanical metamaterials to achieve giant tunability…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-31 Freek van Gorp , Wenfeng Liu , Corentin Coulais , Jorik van de Groep

Previous mechanical meta-structures used for mechanical memory storage, computing and information processing are severely constrained by low information density and/or non-robust structural stiffness to stably protect the maintained…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Yanbin Li , Shuangyue Yu , Haitao Qing , Yaoye Hong , Yao Zhao , Fangjie Qi , Hao Su , Jie Yin

Metamaterials and metasurfaces have given possibilities for manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves that in the past would have seemed impossible. The majority of metasurface designs are suitable for a particular frequency and angle of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-10 Loukas Petrou , Petros Karousios , Julius Georgiou

Recently, it has been shown that temporal metamaterials based on impulsive modulations of the constitutive parameters (of duration much smaller than a characteristic electromagnetic timescale) may exhibit a nonlocal response that can be…

Optics · Physics 2023-01-10 Giuseppe Castaldi , Carlo Rizza , Nader Engheta , Vincenzo Galdi

Spatiotemporal metasurfaces offer unique opportunities for wave manipulation, however, their practical realization is often constrained by the requirement for in-plane spatial modulation, which necessitates a large number of time-varying…

As it is getting increasingly difficult to achieve gains in the density and power efficiency of microelectronic computing devices because of lithographic techniques reaching fundamental physical limits, new approaches are required to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-07-05 Jean C. Coulombe , Mark C. A. York , Julien Sylvestre

Quantum annealing approximately solves combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging the principles of adiabatic quantum systems. In this approach, the system's Hamiltonian evolves from an initial general state to a problem-specific…

Spatial tailoring of the material constitutive properties is a well-known strategy to mold the local flow of given observables in different physical domains. Coordinate-transformation-based methods (e.g., transformation optics) offer a…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-05-14 Massimo Moccia , Giuseppe Castaldi , Salvatore Savo , Yuki Sato , Vincenzo Galdi

As the explosive growth of visual data increasingly strains the latency and energy limits of conventional electronic computing, optical analog computing has re-emerged as a disruptive paradigm for zero-power, speed-of-light information…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-21 Tingting Liu , Jumin Qiu , Xintong Shi , Qiegen Liu , Shuyuan Xiao

All-optical image processing offers a high-speed, energy-efficient alternative to conventional electronic systems by leveraging the wave nature of light for parallel computation. However, traditional optical processors rely on bulky…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-17 Linzhi Yu , Haobijam J. Singh , Jesse Pietila , Humeyra Caglayan

By designing tailor-made resonance modes with structured atoms, metamaterials allow us to obtain constitutive parameters outside their limited range from natural or composite materials. Nonetheless, tuning the constitutive parameters relies…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-06-29 Choonlae Cho , Xinhua Wen , Namkyoo Park , Jensen Li

There is growing interest in engineering unconventional computing devices that leverage the intrinsic dynamics of physical substrates to perform fast and energy-efficient computations. Granular metamaterials are one such substrate that has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Atoosa Parsa , Corey S. O'Hern , Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio , Josh Bongard

Optical computing has emerged as a promising candidate for real-time and parallel continuous data processing. Motivated by recent progresses in metamaterial-based analog computing [Science 343, 160 (2014)], we theoretically investigate…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Amir Youssefi , Farzad Zangeneh-Nejad , Sajjad AbdollahRamezani , Amin Khavasi

Integrating multiple functionalities into a single metasurface is becoming of great interest for future intelligent communication systems. While such devices have been extensively explored for reciprocal functionalities, in this work, we…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-11-23 Xuchen Wang , Ana Diaz-Rubio , Huanan Li , Sergei A. Tretyakov , Andrea Alu

Static metasurfaces have shown to be prominent compact structures for reciprocal and frequency-invariant transformation of electromagnetic waves in space. However, incorporating temporal variation to static metasurfaces would result in…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Sajjad Taravati , George V. Eleftheriades

Tasks that one wishes to have done by a computer often come with conditions that relate to timescales. For instance, the processing must terminate within a given time limit; or a signal processing computer must integrate input information…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Herbert Jaeger , Francky Catthoor

The recent breakthrough in metamaterial-based optical computing devices [Science 343, 160 (2014)] has inspired a quest for similar systems in acoustics, performing mathematical operations on sound waves. So far, acoustic analog computing…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Farzad Zangeneh-Nejad , Romain Fleury

Analog machine learning hardware platforms promise to be faster and more energy-efficient than their digital counterparts. Wave physics, as found in acoustics and optics, is a natural candidate for building analog processors for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-12-24 Tyler W. Hughes , Ian A. D. Williamson , Momchil Minkov , Shanhui Fan

Combining tunable metasurfaces with chaotic cavities opens new avenues for finely tailored dynamic control of microwaves with programmable coding metacavities (PCMs). There is currently a strong interest in utilizing PCMs to overcome the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 Philipp del Hougne , Matthieu Davy , Ulrich Kuhl