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In many application settings, the data have missing entries which make analysis challenging. An abundant literature addresses missing values in an inferential framework: estimating parameters and their variance from incomplete tables. Here,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-22 Julie Josse , Jacob M. Chen , Nicolas Prost , Erwan Scornet , Gaël Varoquaux

Open rule refer to the implication from premise atoms to hypothesis atoms, which captures various relations between instances in the real world. Injecting open rule knowledge into the machine helps to improve the performance of downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jianyu Liu , Sheng Bi , Guilin Qi

Time series data in real-world applications such as healthcare, climate modeling, and finance are often irregular, multimodal, and messy, with varying sampling rates, asynchronous modalities, and pervasive missingness. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ching Chang , Jeehyun Hwang , Yidan Shi , Haixin Wang , Wen-Chih Peng , Tien-Fu Chen , Wei Wang

Missing values in multivariate time series data can harm machine learning performance and introduce bias. These gaps arise from sensor malfunctions, blackouts, and human error and are typically addressed by data imputation. Previous work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mohammad Rafid Ul Islam , Prasad Tadepalli , Alan Fern

Deep learning models for time series imputation are now essential in fields such as healthcare, the Internet of Things (IoT), and finance. However, their deployment raises critical privacy concerns. Beyond the well-known issue of unintended…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Faiz Taleb , Ivan Gazeau , Maryline Laurent

Multiple imputation is widely used to handle missing data. Although Rubin's combining rule is simple, it is not clear whether or not the standard multiple imputation inference is consistent when coupled with the commonly-used full sample…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-03 Qian Guan , Shu Yang

Irregular time series, where data points are recorded at uneven intervals, are prevalent in healthcare settings, such as emergency wards where vital signs and laboratory results are captured at varying times. This variability, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Hrishikesh Patel , Ruihong Qiu , Adam Irwin , Shazia Sadiq , Sen Wang

Multivariate time series data suffer from the problem of missing values, which hinders the application of many analytical methods. To achieve the accurate imputation of these missing values, exploiting inter-correlation by employing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Kohei Obata , Koki Kawabata , Yasuko Matsubara , Yasushi Sakurai

Recently reconstruction-based deep models have been widely used for time series anomaly detection, but as their capacity and generalization capability increase, these models tend to over-generalize, often reconstructing unseen anomalies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Samuel Yoon , Jongwon Kim , Juyoung Ha , Young Myoung Ko

Spatiotemporal data mining plays an important role in air quality monitoring, crowd flow modeling, and climate forecasting. However, the originally collected spatiotemporal data in real-world scenarios is usually incomplete due to sensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Mingzhe Liu , Han Huang , Hao Feng , Leilei Sun , Bowen Du , Yanjie Fu

We present a comprehensive analysis of deep learning approaches for Electronic Health Record (EHR) time-series imputation, examining how architectural and framework biases combine to influence model performance. Our investigation reveals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Linglong Qian , Tao Wang , Jun Wang , Hugh Logan Ellis , Robin Mitra , Richard Dobson , Zina Ibrahim

Time Series Imputation (TSI), which aims to recover missing values in temporal data, remains a fundamental challenge due to the complex and often high-rate missingness in real-world scenarios. Existing models typically optimize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jie Yang , Kexin Zhang , Guibin Zhang , Philip S. Yu , Kaize Ding

This paper describes the R package imputeTestbench that provides a testbench for comparing imputation methods for missing data in univariate time series. The imputeTestbench package can be used to simulate the amount and type of missing…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-20 Neeraj Bokde , Kishore Kulat , Marcus W Beck , Gualberto Asencio-Cortés

Missing data frequently arises across diverse domains, including time-series and image domains. In the real world, missing occurrences often depend on the unobservable values themselves, which are referred to as Missing Not at Random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Gyuwon Sim , Sumin Lee , Heesun Bae , Byeonghu Na , Doyun Kwon , Ju-Hee Hwang , Jae-Young Lim , Il-Chul Moon

Real-world sensing challenges such as sensor failures, communication issues, and power constraints lead to data intermittency. An issue that is known to undermine the traditional classification task that assumes a continuous data stream.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Abdelwahed Khamis , Sara Khalifa

Integrating heterogeneous data sources and expert knowledge is essential for overcoming data scarcity and enhancing estimation accuracy. Two main frameworks naturally arise to perform the integration of these multiple sources: sequential…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-26 Mario Figueira , David Conesa , Antonio López-Quílez , Håvard Rue

We demonstrate a simple strategy to cope with missing data in sequential inputs, addressing the task of multilabel classification of diagnoses given clinical time series. Collected from the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Children's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-14 Zachary C. Lipton , David C. Kale , Randall Wetzel

Supervised learning with irregularly sampled time series have been a challenge to Machine Learning methods due to the obstacle of dealing with irregular time intervals. Some papers introduced recently recurrent neural network models that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-23 Rafael T. Sousa , Lucas A. Pereira , Anderson S. Soares

Time series imputation models have traditionally been developed using complete datasets with artificial masking patterns to simulate missing values. However, in real-world infrastructure monitoring, practitioners often encounter datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Ryan Hildebrant , Rahul Bhope , Sharad Mehrotra , Christopher Tull , Nalini Venkatasubramanian

Hierarchical models with gamma hyperpriors provide a flexible, sparse-promoting framework to bridge $L^1$ and $L^2$ regularizations in Bayesian formulations to inverse problems. Despite the Bayesian motivation for these models, existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-30 Shiv Agrawal , Hwanwoo Kim , Daniel Sanz-Alonso , Alexander Strang