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Blockchain consensus is a state whereby each node in a network agrees on the current state of the blockchain. Existing protocols achieve consensus via a contest or voting procedure to select one node as a dictator to propose new blocks.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-06-22 Joshua S. Gans , Richard Holden

Blockchain technology enables stakeholders to conduct trusted data sharing and exchange without a trusted centralized institution. These features make blockchain applications attractive to enhance trustworthiness in very different contexts.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Xiaohui Zhang , Mingying Xue , Xianghua Miao

Blockchain technologies originate from cryptocurrencies. Thus, most blockchain technologies assume an environment with a fast and stable network. However, in some blockchain-based systems, e.g., supply chain management (SCM) systems, some…

First-generation blockchains provide probabilistic finality: a block can be revoked, albeit the probability decreases as the block sinks deeper into the chain. Recent proposals revisited committee-based BFT consensus to provide…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Lăcrămioara Aştefanoaei , Pierre Chambart , Antonella Del Pozzo , Thibault Rieutord , Sara Tucci , Eugen Zălinescu

The world is becoming more interconnected every day. With the high technological evolution and the increasing deployment of it in our society, scenarios based on the Internet of Things (IoT) can be considered a reality nowadays. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Oscar Delgado-Mohatar , Ruben Tolosana , Julian Fierrez , Aythami Morales

Sharding is the prevalent approach to breaking the trilemma of simultaneously achieving decentralization, security, and scalability in traditional blockchain systems, which are implemented as replicated state machines relying on atomic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Yizhong Liu , Jianwei Liu , Marcos Antonio Vaz Salles , Zongyang Zhang , Tong Li , Bin Hu , Fritz Henglein , Rongxing Lu

A proof of the security of the Bitcoin protocol is made rigorous, and simplified in certain parts. A computational model in which an adversary can delay transmission of blocks by time $\Delta$ is considered. The protocol is generalized to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Christopher Blake , Chen Feng , Xuechao Wang , Qianyu Yu

Stream processing in the last decade has seen broad adoption in both commercial and research settings. One key element for this success is the ability of modern stream processors to handle failures while ensuring exactly-once processing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-21 George Siachamis , Kyriakos Psarakis , Marios Fragkoulis , Arie van Deursen , Paris Carbone , Asterios Katsifodimos

Multi-party computing (MPC) has been gaining popularity as a secure computing model over the past few years. However, prior works have demonstrated that MPC protocols still pay substantial performance penalties compared to plaintext,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Yongqin Wang , Rachit Rajat , Murali Annavaram

A new era in ICT has begun with the evolution of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and the development of human-centric applications. Ultra-low latency, high throughput, and high availability are a few of the main characteristics of modern…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Michael Xevgenis , Dimitrios Kogias , Ioannis Christidis , Charalampos Patrikakis , Helen C. Leligou

Bitcoin is an immutable permissionless blockchain system that has been extensively used as a public bulletin board by many different applications that heavily relies on its immutability. However, Bitcoin's immutability is not without its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Dominic Deuber , Bernardo Magri , Sri Aravinda Krishnan Thyagarajan

Public blockchains provide a decentralized method for storing transaction data and have many applications in different sectors. In order for users to track transactions, a simple method is to let them keep a local copy of the entire public…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Lei Xu , Lin Chen , Zhimin Gao , Shouhuai Xu , Weidong Shi

Although the emergence of the programmable smart contract makes blockchain systems easily embrace a wider range of industrial areas, how to execute smart contracts efficiently becomes a big challenge nowadays. Due to the existence of…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Shuaifeng Pang , Xiaodong Qi , Zhao Zhang , Cheqing Jin , Aoying Zhou

This paper proposes iblock, a comprehensive C++ library for Bitcoin simulation, designed for OMNeT++. iblock offers superior efficiency and scalability with respect to state-of-the-art simulators, which are typically written in high-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Niccolò Scatena , Pericle Perazzo , Giovanni Nardini

Blockchain technology enables the execution of collaborative business processes involving untrusted parties without requiring a central authority. Specifically, a process model comprising tasks performed by multiple parties can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-12-12 Luciano García-Bañuelos , Alexander Ponomarev , Marlon Dumas , Ingo Weber

The Proof of Efficient Liquidity (PoEL) protocol, designed for specialised Proof of Stake (PoS) consensus-based blockchains that incorporate intrinsic DeFi applications, aims to support sustainable liquidity bootstrapping and network…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-02-19 Arman Abgaryan , Utkarsh Sharma , Joshua Tobkin

Transactional stream processing (TSP) strives to create a cohesive model that merges the advantages of both transactional and stream-oriented guarantees. Over the past decade, numerous endeavors have contributed to the evolution of TSP…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Shuhao Zhang , Juan Soto , Volker Markl

The Bitcoin P2P network currently represents a reference benchmark for modern cryptocurrencies. Its underlying protocol defines how transactions and blocks are distributed through all participating nodes. To protect user privacy, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Federico Franzoni , Vanesa Daza

Given that Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) are plutocratic, and other common consensus protocols are mostly permission-based, we look for a consensus protocol that will suit the needs of e-Democracy. In particular, what we need…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Ouri Poupko , Nimrod Talmon

Synchronization of transaction pools (mempools) has shown potential for improving the performance and block propagation delay of state-of-the-art blockchains. Indeed, various heuristics have been proposed in the literature to this end, all…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Novak Boškov , Şevval Şimşek , Ari Trachtenberg , David Starobinski