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Pragmatics, the ability to infer meaning beyond literal interpretation, is crucial for social cognition and communication. While LLMs have been benchmarked for their pragmatic understanding, improving their performance remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Settaluri Lakshmi Sravanthi , Kishan Maharaj , Sravani Gunnu , Abhijit Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Current large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emerging capabilities in social intelligence tasks, including implicature resolution and theory-of-mind reasoning, both of which require substantial pragmatic understanding. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kefan Yu , Qingcheng Zeng , Weihao Xuan , Wanxin Li , Jingyi Wu , Rob Voigt

We present PLUGH (https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=plugh), a modern benchmark that currently consists of 5 tasks, each with 125 input texts extracted from 48 different games and representing 61 different (non-isomorphic)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Alexey Tikhonov

Understanding pragmatics-the use of language in context-is crucial for developing NLP systems capable of interpreting nuanced language use. Despite recent advances in language technologies, including large language models, evaluating their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Bolei Ma , Yuting Li , Wei Zhou , Ziwei Gong , Yang Janet Liu , Katja Jasinskaja , Annemarie Friedrich , Julia Hirschberg , Frauke Kreuter , Barbara Plank

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) make remarkable evolutions in language understanding and generation. Following this, various benchmarks for measuring all kinds of capabilities of LLMs have sprung up. In this paper, we challenge the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yinghui Li , Qingyu Zhou , Yuanzhen Luo , Shirong Ma , Yangning Li , Hai-Tao Zheng , Xuming Hu , Philip S. Yu

Pragmatic reasoning plays a pivotal role in deciphering implicit meanings that frequently arise in real-life conversations and is essential for the development of communicative social agents. In this paper, we introduce a novel challenge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Hengli Li , Song-Chun Zhu , Zilong Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success on a wide range of math and reasoning benchmarks. However, we observe that they often struggle when faced with unreasonable math problems. Instead of recognizing these issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jingyuan Ma , Damai Dai , Zihang Yuan , Rui li , Weilin Luo , Bin Wang , Qun Liu , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Incorporating external knowledge is crucial for knowledge-intensive tasks, such as question answering and fact checking. However, language models (LMs) may ignore relevant information that contradicts outdated parametric memory or be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lovisa Hagström , Youna Kim , Haeun Yu , Sang-goo Lee , Richard Johansson , Hyunsoo Cho , Isabelle Augenstein

The performance and usability of Large-Language Models (LLMs) are driving their use in explanation generation tasks. However, despite their widespread adoption, LLM explanations have been found to be unreliable, making it difficult for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Diana Galvan-Sosa , Gabrielle Gaudeau , Pride Kavumba , Yunmeng Li , Hongyi gu , Zheng Yuan , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Paula Buttery

Pragmatics and non-literal language understanding are essential to human communication, and present a long-standing challenge for artificial language models. We perform a fine-grained comparison of language models and humans on seven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Jennifer Hu , Sammy Floyd , Olessia Jouravlev , Evelina Fedorenko , Edward Gibson

New models for natural language understanding have recently made an unparalleled amount of progress, which has led some researchers to suggest that the models induce universal text representations. However, current benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Damien Sileo , Tim Van-de-Cruys , Camille Pradel , Philippe Muller

Despite widespread use of LLMs as conversational agents, evaluations of performance fail to capture a crucial aspect of communication: interpreting language in context -- incorporating its pragmatics. Humans interpret language using beliefs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Laura Ruis , Akbir Khan , Stella Biderman , Sara Hooker , Tim Rocktäschel , Edward Grefenstette

Evaluating pragmatic reasoning in large language models (LLMs) remains challenging because model behavior can vary depending on evaluation methods. Previous studies suggest that prompt-based judgments may diverge from models' internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ye-eun Cho

Logs play a critical role in providing essential information for system monitoring and troubleshooting. Recently, with the success of pre-trained language models (PLMs) and large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Lipeng Ma , Weidong Yang , Sihang Jiang , Ben Fei , Mingjie Zhou , Shuhao Li , Mingyu Zhao , Bo Xu , Yanghua Xiao

Traditional offline evaluation methods for recommender systems struggle to capture the complexity of modern platforms due to sparse behavioural signals, noisy data, and limited modelling of user personality traits. While simulation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Chenglong Ma , Ziqi Xu , Yongli Ren , Danula Hettiachchi , Jeffrey Chan

Predictive analysis is a cornerstone of modern decision-making, with applications in various domains. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in enabling nuanced, knowledge-intensive conversations, thus aiding in complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Qin Chen , Yuanyi Ren , Xiaojun Ma , Yuyang Shi

Large language model (LLM) simulations of human behavior have the potential to revolutionize the social and behavioral sciences, if and only if they faithfully reflect real human behaviors. Current evaluations of simulation fidelity are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Tiancheng Hu , Joachim Baumann , Lorenzo Lupo , Nigel Collier , Dirk Hovy , Paul Röttger

The capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models have been sketched out in great detail in recent years, providing an intriguing yet conflicting picture. On the one hand, LLMs demonstrate a general ability to solve problems. On the…

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in mathematical reasoning has become a cornerstone of related research, demonstrating the intelligence of these models and enabling potential practical applications through their advanced performance,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Kathrin Seßler , Yao Rong , Emek Gözlüklü , Enkelejda Kasneci

With the increasing use of large language models (LLMs), ensuring reliable performance in diverse, real-world environments is essential. Despite their remarkable achievements, LLMs often struggle with adversarial inputs, significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yuqing Wang , Yun Zhao
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