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Understanding and estimating driver trust and comfort are essential for the safety and widespread acceptance of autonomous vehicles. Existing works analyze user trust and comfort separately, with limited real-time assessment and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aditi Bhalla , Christian Hellert , Enkelejda Kasneci , Nastassja Becker

Testing of function safety and Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) is important for autonomous vehicles (AVs). It is hard to test the AV's hazard response in the real world because it would involve hazards to passengers and other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Longfei Mo , Min Hua , Hongyu Sun , Hongming Xu , Bin Shuai , Quan Zhou

Traffic simulation is essential for autonomous vehicle (AV) development, enabling comprehensive safety evaluation across diverse driving conditions. However, traditional rule-based simulators struggle to capture complex human interactions,…

Before introducing an Automated Driving System (ADS) on the road at scale, the manufacturer must conduct some sort of safety assurance. To structure and harmonize the safety assurance process, the UNECE WP.29 Working Party on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Olaf Op den Camp , Erwin de Gelder

Large language models are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents for multi-step workflows in real-world software environments. However, existing agent benchmarks are limited by trajectory-opaque grading, underspecified safety and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Bowen Ye , Rang Li , Qibin Yang , Yuanxin Liu , Linli Yao , Hanglong Lv , Zhihui Xie , Chenxin An , Lei Li , Lingpeng Kong , Qi Liu , Zhifang Sui , Tong Yang

Autonomous vehicles are advanced driving systems that are well known to be vulnerable to various adversarial attacks, compromising vehicle safety and posing a risk to other road users. Rather than actively training complex adversaries by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Aizaz Sharif , Dusica Marijan

Automated Driving System (ADS) acts as the brain of autonomous vehicles, responsible for their safety and efficiency. Safe deployment requires thorough testing in diverse real-world scenarios and compliance with traffic laws like speed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jianlei Chi , Yuzhen Wu , Jiaxuan Hou , Xiaodong Zhang , Ming Fan , Suhui Sun , Weijun Dai , Bo Li , Jianguo Sun , Jun Sun

The advancements in autonomous driving technology, coupled with the growing interest from automotive manufacturers and tech companies, suggest a rising adoption of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) in the near future. Despite some…

To build a smarter and safer city, a secure, efficient, and sustainable transportation system is a key requirement. The autonomous driving system (ADS) plays an important role in the development of smart transportation and is considered one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Abu Shad Ahammed , Md Shahi Amran Hossain , Roman Obermaisser

This paper presents an overview of Waymo's approach to building a reliable case for safety - a novel and thorough blueprint for use by any company building fully autonomous driving systems. A safety case for fully autonomous operations is a…

Traffic accidents present complex challenges for autonomous driving, often featuring unpredictable scenarios that hinder accurate system interpretation and responses. Nonetheless, prevailing methodologies fall short in elucidating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Cheng Li , Keyuan Zhou , Tong Liu , Yu Wang , Mingqiao Zhuang , Huan-ang Gao , Bu Jin , Hao Zhao

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are poised to redefine transportation by enhancing road safety, minimizing human error, and optimizing traffic efficiency. The success of AVs depends on their ability to interpret complex, dynamic environments…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Abolfazl Zarghani , Amirhossein Ebrahimi , Amir Malekesfandiari

The autonomous car technology promises to replace human drivers with safer driving systems. But although autonomous cars can become safer than human drivers this is a long process that is going to be refined over time. Before these vehicles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Thomio Watanabe , Denis Wolf

The autonomous vehicle (AV) is a safety-critical system relying on complex sensors and algorithms. The AV may confront risk conditions if these sensors and algorithms misunderstand the environment and situation, even though all components…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-18 Xingyu Xing , Tong Jia , Junyi Chen , Lu Xiong , Zhuoping Yu

Recent text-to-video models have enabled the generation of high-resolution driving scenes from natural language prompts. These AI-generated driving videos (AIGVs) offer a low-cost, scalable alternative to real or simulator data for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xinhao Xiang , Abhijeet Rastogi , Jiawei Zhang

Fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) continue to spark immense global interest, yet predictions on when they will operate safely and broadly remain heavily debated. This paper synthesizes two distinct research traditions: computational…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Paul Perrone

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) alert drivers during safety-critical scenarios but often provide superfluous alerts due to a lack of consideration for drivers' knowledge or scene awareness. Modeling these aspects together in a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Abhijat Biswas , John Gideon , Kimimasa Tamura , Guy Rosman

For a successful market launch of automated vehicles (AVs), proof of their safety is essential. Due to the open parameter space, an infinite number of traffic situations can occur, which makes the proof of safety an unsolved problem. With…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Thomas Ponn , Matthias Breitfuß , Xiao Yu , Frank Diermeyer

Real-world implementations of connected vehicle functions are spreading steadily, yet operating these functions reliably remains challenging due to their distributed nature and the complexity of the underlying cloud, edge, and networking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Matthias Weiß , Falk Dettinger , Elias Detrois , Nasser Jazdi , Michael Weyrich

The interest in autonomous vehicles (AVs) for critical missions, including transportation, rescue, surveillance, reconnaissance, and mapping, is growing rapidly due to their significant safety and mobility benefits. AVs consist of complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Md Wasiul Haque , Md Erfan , Sagar Dasgupta , Md Rayhanur Rahman , Mizanur Rahman