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A reinforcement learning (RL) framework is introduced for the efficient synthesis of quantum circuits that generate specified target quantum states from a fixed initial state, addressing a central challenge in both the Noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Sara Giordano , Kornikar Sen , Miguel A. Martin-Delgado

Quantum data loading plays a central role in quantum algorithms and quantum information processing. Many quantum algorithms hinge on the ability to prepare arbitrary superposition states as a subroutine, with claims of exponential speedups…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Chun-Tse Li , Hao-Chung Cheng

Quantum machine learning models use encoding circuits to map data into a quantum Hilbert space. While it is well known that the architecture of these circuits significantly influences core properties of the resulting model, they are often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-03 Frederic Rapp , David A. Kreplin , Marco F. Huber , Marco Roth

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

Resource-efficient and high-precision approximate synthesis of quantum circuits expressed in the Clifford+T gate set is vital for Fault-Tolerant quantum computing. Efficient optimal methods are known for single-qubit RZ unitaries, otherwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Mathias Weiden , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

In the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing, optimizing quantum circuits for specific tasks is crucial for enhancing performance and efficiency. More recently, quantum sensing has become a distinct and rapidly growing branch of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Laxmisha Ashok Attisara , Sathish Kumar

Quantum circuit synthesis is the task of decomposing a given quantum operator into a sequence of elementary quantum gates. Since the finite target gate set cannot exactly implement any given operator, approximation is often necessary. Model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Dekel Zak , Jingyi Mei , Jean-Marie Lagniez , Alfons Laarman

"Qubit routing" refers to the task of modifying quantum circuits so that they satisfy the connectivity constraints of a target quantum computer. This involves inserting SWAP gates into the circuit so that the logical gates only ever occur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-03 Matteo G. Pozzi , Steven J. Herbert , Akash Sengupta , Robert D. Mullins

Executing quantum algorithms on a quantum computer requires compilation to representations that conform to all restrictions imposed by the device. Due to devices' limited coherence times and gate fidelities, the compilation process has to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Sarah Schneider , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Understanding the power and limitations of quantum access to data in machine learning tasks is primordial to assess the potential of quantum computing in artificial intelligence. Previous works have already shown that speed-ups in learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-21 Sofiene Jerbi , Arjan Cornelissen , Māris Ozols , Vedran Dunjko

With the advent of real-world quantum computing, the idea that parametrized quantum computations can be used as hypothesis families in a quantum-classical machine learning system is gaining increasing traction. Such hybrid systems have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-10 Sofiene Jerbi , Casper Gyurik , Simon C. Marshall , Hans J. Briegel , Vedran Dunjko

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is considered to be one of the most promising applications of near term quantum devices. However, the optimization of quantum machine learning models presents numerous challenges arising from the imperfections…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Owen Lockwood

In the realm of quantum control, reinforcement learning, a prominent branch of machine learning, emerges as a competitive candidate for computer-assisted optimal design for experiments. This study investigates the extent to which guidance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Tian-Niu Xu , Yongcheng Ding , José D. Martín-Guerrero , Xi Chen

A common requirement of quantum simulations and algorithms is the preparation of complex states through sequences of 2-qubit gates. For a generic quantum state, the number of gates grows exponentially with the number of qubits, becoming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Matan Ben Dov , David Shnaiderov , Adi Makmal , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has established itself as a powerful tool for designing quantum circuits, which are essential for processing quantum information. RL applications have typically focused on circuits of small to intermediate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Jan Olle , Oleg M. Yevtushenko , Florian Marquardt

Reinforcement learning studies how an agent should interact with an environment to maximize its cumulative reward. A standard way to study this question abstractly is to ask how many samples an agent needs from the environment to learn an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Daochen Wang , Aarthi Sundaram , Robin Kothari , Ashish Kapoor , Martin Roetteler

Quantum chemistry and optimization are two of the most prominent applications of quantum computers. Variational quantum algorithms have been proposed for solving problems in these domains. However, the design of the quantum circuit ansatz…

Large language models (LLMs) can generate structured artifacts, but using them as dependable optimizers for scientific design requires a mechanism for iterative improvement under black-box evaluation. Here, we cast quantum circuit synthesis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Adriano Macarone-Palmieri , Rosario Lo Franco

Emerging reinforcement learning techniques using deep neural networks have shown great promise in control optimization. They harness non-local regularities of noisy control trajectories and facilitate transfer learning between tasks. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Hartmut Neven

Quantum error correction is widely thought to be the key to fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, determining the most suited encoding for unknown error channels or specific laboratory setups is highly challenging. Here, we present a…