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Transformer-based Language Models (LMs) have achieved impressive results on natural language understanding tasks, but they can also generate toxic text such as insults, threats, and profanity, limiting their real-world applications. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Jin Myung Kwak , Minseon Kim , Sung Ju Hwang

Toxicity mitigation consists in rephrasing text in order to remove offensive or harmful meaning. Neural natural language processing (NLP) models have been widely used to target and mitigate textual toxicity. However, existing methods fail…

Language model detoxification aims to minimize the risk of generating offensive or harmful content in pretrained language models (PLMs) for safer deployment. Existing methods can be roughly categorized as finetuning-based and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Chak Tou Leong , Yi Cheng , Jiashuo Wang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li

Transformer-based language models are able to generate fluent text and be efficiently adapted across various natural language generation tasks. However, language models that are pretrained on large unlabeled web text corpora have been shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Farshid Faal , Ketra Schmitt , Jia Yuan Yu

Despite recent advances in natural language generation, it remains challenging to control attributes of generated text. We propose DExperts: Decoding-time Experts, a decoding-time method for controlled text generation that combines a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Alisa Liu , Maarten Sap , Ximing Lu , Swabha Swayamdipta , Chandra Bhagavatula , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi

The generation of toxic content by large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge for the safe deployment of language technology. We propose a novel framework for implicit knowledge editing and controlled text generation by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Tassilo Klein , Moin Nabi

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revealed remarkable generative capabilities and emerging self-regulatory mechanisms, including self-correction and self-rewarding. However, current detoxification techniques rarely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kaituo Zhang , Zhimeng Jiang , Na Zou

Text detoxification is a conditional text generation task aiming to remove offensive content from toxic text. It is highly useful for online forums and social media, where offensive content is frequently encountered. Intuitively, there are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Griffin Floto , Mohammad Mahdi Abdollah Pour , Parsa Farinneya , Zhenwei Tang , Ali Pesaranghader , Manasa Bharadwaj , Scott Sanner

Pretrained neural language models (LMs) are prone to generating racist, sexist, or otherwise toxic language which hinders their safe deployment. We investigate the extent to which pretrained LMs can be prompted to generate toxic language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Samuel Gehman , Suchin Gururangan , Maarten Sap , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

We propose a method to control the attributes of Language Models (LMs) for the text generation task using Causal Average Treatment Effect (ATE) scores and counterfactual augmentation. We explore this method, in the context of LM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Rahul Madhavan , Rishabh Garg , Kahini Wadhawan , Sameep Mehta

Detoxification is a task of generating text in polite style while preserving meaning and fluency of the original toxic text. Existing detoxification methods are designed to work in one exact language. This work investigates multilingual and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Daniil Moskovskiy , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Panchenko

To reduce the toxic degeneration in a pretrained Language Model (LM), previous work on Language Model detoxification has focused on reducing the toxicity of the generation itself (self-toxicity) without consideration of the context. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Jing Qian , Xifeng Yan

Text generation is of great importance to many natural language processing applications. However, maximization-based decoding methods (e.g. beam search) of neural language models often lead to degenerate solutions -- the generated text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yixuan Su , Tian Lan , Yan Wang , Dani Yogatama , Lingpeng Kong , Nigel Collier

Text detoxification aims to minimize the risk of language models producing toxic content. Existing detoxification methods of directly constraining the model output or further training the model on the non-toxic corpus fail to achieve a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Zecheng Tang , Keyan Zhou , Juntao Li , Yuyang Ding , Pinzheng Wang , Bowen Yan , Rejie Hua , Min Zhang

Pre-trained language models (LMs) are shown to easily generate toxic language. In this work, we systematically explore domain-adaptive training to reduce the toxicity of language models. We conduct this study on three dimensions: training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Boxin Wang , Wei Ping , Chaowei Xiao , Peng Xu , Mostofa Patwary , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bo Li , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro

Recent advances in diffusion models have notably enhanced text-to-image (T2I) generation quality, but they also raise the risk of generating unsafe content. Traditional safety methods like text blacklisting or harmful content classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zongsheng Cao , Yangfan He , Anran Liu , Jun Xie , Feng Chen , Zepeng Wang

Current language models decode text token by token according to probabilistic distribution, and determining the appropriate candidates for the next token is crucial to ensure generation quality. This study introduces adaptive decoding, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Wenhong Zhu , Hongkun Hao , Zhiwei He , Yiming Ai , Rui Wang

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate toxic content, posing significant risks for safe deployment. Current mitigation strategies often degrade generation quality or require costly human annotation. We propose CAUSALDETOX, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yian Wang , Yuen Chen , Agam Goyal , Hari Sundaram

Generic generation and manipulation of text is challenging and has limited success compared to recent deep generative modeling in visual domain. This paper aims at generating plausible natural language sentences, whose attributes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Zhiting Hu , Zichao Yang , Xiaodan Liang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Eric P. Xing

Current language models achieve low perplexity but their resulting generations still suffer from toxic responses, repetitiveness and contradictions. The standard language modeling setup fails to address these issues. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kushal Arora , Kurt Shuster , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Jason Weston
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