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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various medical fields, including mental health support systems. However, there is a gap in research regarding the effectiveness of LLMs in non-English mental health…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Konstantinos Skianis , John Pavlopoulos , A. Seza Doğruöz

We introduce ProText, a dataset for measuring gendering and misgendering in stylistically diverse long-form English texts. ProText spans three dimensions: Theme nouns (names, occupations, titles, kinship terms), Theme category…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hadas Kotek , Margit Bowler , Patrick Sonnenberg , Yu'an Yang

Machine Translation (MT) continues to improve in quality and adoption, yet the inadvertent perpetuation of gender bias remains a significant concern. Despite numerous studies into gender bias in translations from gender-neutral languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Spencer Rarrick , Ranjita Naik , Sundar Poudel , Vishal Chowdhary

Multilingual machine translation (MT) benchmarks play a central role in evaluating the capabilities of modern MT systems. Among them, the FLORES+ benchmark is widely used, offering English-to-many translation data for over 200 languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Chihiro Taguchi , Seng Mai , Keita Kurabe , Yusuke Sakai , Georgina Agyei , Soudabeh Eslami , David Chiang

Recently there has been a growing concern about machine bias, where trained statistical models grow to reflect controversial societal asymmetries, such as gender or racial bias. A significant number of AI tools have recently been suggested…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Marcelo O. R. Prates , Pedro H. C. Avelar , Luis Lamb

As Machine Translation (MT) has become increasingly more powerful, accessible, and widespread, the potential for the perpetuation of bias has grown alongside its advances. While overt indicators of bias have been studied in machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Chloe Ciora , Nur Iren , Malihe Alikhani

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models, though state-of-the-art for translation, often reflect social biases, particularly gender bias. Existing evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on English as the source language of translation. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Pushpdeep Singh

We introduce a multilingual extension of the HOLISTICBIAS dataset, the largest English template-based taxonomy of textual people references: MULTILINGUALHOLISTICBIAS. This extension consists of 20,459 sentences in 50 languages distributed…

Image Translation (IT) holds immense potential across diverse domains, enabling the translation of textual content within images into various languages. However, existing datasets often suffer from limitations in scale, diversity, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Bo Li , Shaolin Zhu , Lijie Wen

Machine Translation systems can produce different types of errors, some of which are characterized as critical or catastrophic due to the specific negative impact that they can have on users. In this paper we focus on one type of critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Marta R. Costa-jussà , Eric Smith , Christophe Ropers , Daniel Licht , Jean Maillard , Javier Ferrando , Carlos Escolano

Content Warning: This paper contains examples of misgendering and erasure that could be offensive and potentially triggering. Misgendering, the act of incorrectly addressing someone's gender, inflicts serious harm and is pervasive in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Tamanna Hossain , Sunipa Dev , Sameer Singh

The COMET metric has blazed a trail in the machine translation community, given its strong correlation with human judgements of translation quality. Its success stems from being a modified pre-trained multilingual model finetuned for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Vilém Zouhar , Pinzhen Chen , Tsz Kin Lam , Nikita Moghe , Barry Haddow

Training data for NLP tasks often exhibits gender bias in that fewer sentences refer to women than to men. In Neural Machine Translation (NMT) gender bias has been shown to reduce translation quality, particularly when the target language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Danielle Saunders , Bill Byrne

Speakers of different languages must attend to and encode strikingly different aspects of the world in order to use their language correctly (Sapir, 1921; Slobin, 1996). One such difference is related to the way gender is expressed in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Eva Vanmassenhove , Christian Hardmeier , Andy Way

Gender-neutral translation (GNT) that avoids biased and undue binary assumptions is a pivotal challenge for the creation of more inclusive translation technologies. Advancements for this task in Machine Translation (MT), however, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Beatrice Savoldi , Andrea Piergentili , Dennis Fucci , Matteo Negri , Luisa Bentivogli

As 3rd-person pronoun usage shifts to include novel forms, e.g., neopronouns, we need more research on identity-inclusive NLP. Exclusion is particularly harmful in one of the most popular NLP applications, machine translation (MT). Wrong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Anne Lauscher , Debora Nozza , Archie Crowley , Ehm Miltersen , Dirk Hovy

In translation, a concept represented by a single word in a source language can have multiple variations in a target language. The task of lexical selection requires using context to identify which variation is most appropriate for a source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Josh Barua , Sanjay Subramanian , Kayo Yin , Alane Suhr

The translation of gender-neutral person-referring terms (e.g., the students) is often non-trivial. Translating from English into German poses an interesting case -- in German, person-referring nouns are usually gender-specific, and if the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Manuel Lardelli , Giuseppe Attanasio , Anne Lauscher

Addressing gender bias and maintaining logical coherence in machine translation remains challenging, particularly when translating between natural gender languages, like English, and genderless languages, such as Persian, Indonesian, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Pardis Sadat Zahraei , Ali Emami

Gender biases in language generation systems are challenging to mitigate. One possible source for these biases is gender representation disparities in the training and evaluation data. Despite recent progress in documenting this problem and…