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Related papers: DocFinQA: A Long-Context Financial Reasoning Datas…

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Many individuals are likely to face a legal dispute at some point in their lives, but their lack of understanding of how to navigate these complex issues often renders them vulnerable. The advancement of natural language processing opens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Antoine Louis , Gijs van Dijck , Gerasimos Spanakis

To enable building and testing models on long-document comprehension, we introduce QuALITY, a multiple-choice QA dataset with context passages in English that have an average length of about 5,000 tokens, much longer than typical current…

Financial documents like earning reports or balance sheets often involve long tables and multi-page reports. Large language models have become a new tool to help numerical reasoning and understanding these documents. However, prompt quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yaoning Yu , Kai-Min Chang , Ye Yu , Kai Wei , Haojing Luo , Haohan Wang

We describe a Question Answering (QA) dataset that contains complex questions with conditional answers, i.e. the answers are only applicable when certain conditions apply. We call this dataset ConditionalQA. In addition to conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Financial LLMs hold promise for advancing financial tasks and domain-specific applications. However, they are limited by scarce corpora, weak multimodal capabilities, and narrow evaluations, making them less suited for real-world…

Evaluating whether Multimodal Large Language Models can produce trustworthy, verifiable reasoning over long, visually rich documents requires evaluation beyond end-to-end answer accuracy. We introduce DocScope, a benchmark that formulates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xiang Feng , Jiawei Zhou , Zhangfeng Huang , Kewei Wang , Shanshan Ye , Jinxin Hu , Zulong Chen , Yong Luo , Jing Zhang

The rapid increase in unstructured data across various fields has made multi-document comprehension and summarization a critical task. Traditional approaches often fail to capture relevant context, maintain logical consistency, and extract…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Aditi Godbole , Jabin Geevarghese George , Smita Shandilya

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a wide variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks and have attracted attention from multiple domains, including financial services. Despite the extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jean Lee , Nicholas Stevens , Soyeon Caren Han , Minseok Song

\Ac{LFQA} aims to generate lengthy answers to complex questions. This scenario presents great flexibility as well as significant challenges for evaluation. Most evaluations rely on deterministic metrics that depend on string or n-gram…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ning Xian , Yixing Fan , Ruqing Zhang , Maarten de Rijke , Jiafeng Guo

Document Visual Question Answering (VQA) aims to understand visually-rich documents to answer questions in natural language, which is an emerging research topic for both Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Fengbin Zhu , Wenqiang Lei , Fuli Feng , Chao Wang , Haozhou Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent advances have been improving the context windows of Large Language Models (LLMs). To quantify the real long-context capabilities of LLMs, evaluators such as the popular Needle in a Haystack have been developed to test LLMs over a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jiawei Liu , Jia Le Tian , Vijay Daita , Yuxiang Wei , Yifeng Ding , Yuhan Katherine Wang , Jun Yang , Lingming Zhang

Answering questions within business and finance requires reasoning, precision, and a wide-breadth of technical knowledge. Together, these requirements make this domain difficult for large language models (LLMs). We introduce BizBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Rik Koncel-Kedziorski , Michael Krumdick , Viet Lai , Varshini Reddy , Charles Lovering , Chris Tanner

Unstructured data, especially text, continues to grow rapidly in various domains. In particular, in the financial sphere, there is a wealth of accumulated unstructured financial data, such as the textual disclosure documents that companies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Bolun "Namir" Xia , Vipula D. Rawte , Mohammed J. Zaki , Aparna Gupta

Instructional documents are rich sources of knowledge for completing various tasks, yet their unique challenges in conversational question answering (CQA) have not been thoroughly explored. Existing benchmarks have primarily focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Shiwei Wu , Chen Zhang , Yan Gao , Qimeng Wang , Tong Xu , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have highlighted the importance of extending context lengths for handling complex tasks. While traditional methods for training on long contexts often use filtered long documents, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Chaochen Gao , Xing Wu , Qi Fu , Songlin Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in understanding long-context inputs. However, benchmarks for evaluating the long-context reasoning abilities of LLMs fall behind the pace. Existing benchmarks often focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Kai Yan , Yifan Yang , Weijian Lin , Ting-Han Fan , Lingfeng Shen , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

Numerical reasoning is required when solving most problems in our life, but it has been neglected in previous artificial intelligence researches. FinQA challenge has been organized to strengthen the study on numerical reasoning where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Renhui Zhang , Youwei Zhang , Yao Yu

Large language models (LLMs) excel at many general-purpose natural language processing tasks. However, their ability to perform deep reasoning and mathematical analysis, particularly for complex tasks as required in cryptography, remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Mayar Elfares , Pascal Reisert , Tilman Dietz , Manpa Barman , Ahmed Zaki , Ralf Küsters , Andreas Bulling

While large language models now handle million-token contexts, their capacity for reasoning across entire document repositories remains largely untested. Existing benchmarks are inadequate, as they are mostly limited to single long texts or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhiyuan Lu , Chenliang Li , Yingcheng Shi , Weizhou Shen , Ming Yan , Fei Huang

Long-context large language models (LLMs) hold promise for tasks such as question-answering (QA) over long documents, but they tend to miss important information in the middle of context documents (arXiv:2307.03172v3). Here, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Devanshu Agrawal , Shang Gao , Martin Gajek