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This paper introduces, for the first time to our knowledge, physics-informed neural networks to accurately estimate the AC-OPF result and delivers rigorous guarantees about their performance. Power system operators, along with several other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Rahul Nellikkath , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is pivotal for power system operations, guiding generator output and power distribution to meet demand at minimized costs, while adhering to physical and engineering constraints. The integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chen Li , Alexander Kies , Kai Zhou , Markus Schlott , Omar El Sayed , Mariia Bilousova , Horst Stoecker

We present the results of a comprehensive benchmarking effort aimed at evaluating and comparing state-of-the-art open-source tools for solving the Alternating-Current Optimal Power Flow (ACOPF) problem. Our numerical experiments include all…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-23 Smitha Gopinath , Hassan L. Hijazi

Nonconvexity induced by the nonlinear AC power flow equations challenges solution algorithms for AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems. While significant research efforts have focused on reliably computing high-quality OPF solutions, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-18 Dongchan Lee , Konstantin Turitsyn , Daniel K. Molzahn , Line A. Roald

An optimization algorithm for a group of nonsmooth nonconvex problems inspired by two-stage stochastic programming problems is proposed. The main challenges for these problems include (1) the problems lack the popular lower-type properties…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Jingyi Wang , Cosmin G. Petra

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) can be modeled as a non-convex Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program (QCQP). Our purpose is to solve OPF to global optimality. To this end, we specialize the Mixed-Integer Quadratic Convex Reformulation method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-14 Hadrien Godard , Sourour Elloumi , Amélie Lambert , Jean Maeght , Manuel Ruiz

Many steady-state problems in power systems, including rectangular power-voltage formulations of optimal power flows in the alternating-current model (ACOPF), can be cast as polynomial optimisation problems (POP). For a POP, one can derive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-20 Alan C. Liddell , Jie Liu , Jakub Marecek , Martin Takac

Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the most important optimization problems in the energy industry. In its simplest form, OPF attempts to find the optimal power that the generators within the grid have to produce to satisfy a given demand.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-23 Damian Owerko , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

Though the convex optimization has been widely used in power systems, it still cannot guarantee to yield a tight (accurate) solution to some problems. To mitigate this issue, this paper proposes an ensemble learning based convex…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-18 Ren Hu , Qifeng Li , Feng Qiu

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem, which plays a central role in operating electrical networks is considered. The problem is nonconvex and is in fact NP hard. Therefore, designing efficient algorithms of practical relevance is crucial,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-08-20 S. Magnússon , P. C. Weeraddana , C. Fischione

Foundation models in general promise to accelerate scientific computation by learning reusable representations across problem instances, yet constrained scientific systems, where predictions must satisfy physical laws and safety limits,…

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a very traditional research area within the power systems field that seeks for the optimal operation point of electric power plants, and which needs to be solved every few minutes in real-world scenarios.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ángela López-Cardona , Guillermo Bernárdez , Pere Barlet-Ros , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio

We derive the branch ampacity constraint associated to power losses for the convex optimal power flow (OPF) model based on the branch flow formulation. The branch ampacity constraint derivation is motivated by the physical interpretation of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-14 Zhao Yuan , Mario Paolone

With the increasing penetration of distributed energy resources, distributed optimization algorithms have attracted significant attention for power systems applications due to their potential for superior scalability, privacy, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-09 Sihan Zeng , Alyssa Kody , Youngdae Kim , Kibaek Kim , Daniel K. Molzahn

The growing scale of power systems and the increasing uncertainty introduced by renewable energy sources necessitates novel optimization techniques that are significantly faster and more accurate than existing methods. The AC Optimal Power…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Andrew Rosemberg , Michael Klamkin , Pascal Van Hentenryck

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is a key building block in many power system applications. It determines generator setpoints at minimal cost that meet the power demands while satisfying the underlying physical and operational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-01 Minas Chatzos , Ferdinando Fioretto , Terrence W. K. Mak , Pascal Van Hentenryck

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature. Neural networks (NNs) offer fast surrogates, yet their black-box behavior raises…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Bastien Giraud , Rahul Nellikath , Johanna Vorwerk , Maad Alowaifeer , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

AC optimal power flow (ACOPF) is foundational yet computationally expensive in power grid operations, driving learning-based surrogates for large-scale grid analysis. These surrogates, however, often fail to generalize across network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hongwei Jin , Keunju Song , Zeeshan Memon , Yijiang Li , Stefano Fenu , Hongseok Kim , Liang Zhao , Kibaek Kim

The growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), electric vehicles (EVs), and heat pumps (HPs) in distribution networks underscores the need for secure, computationally efficient optimal power flow (OPF) solutions.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Savvas Panagi , Chrysovalantis Spanias , Petros Aristidou

Using machine learning to obtain solutions to AC optimal power flow has recently been a very active area of research due to the astounding speedups that result from bypassing traditional optimization techniques. However, generally ensuring…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-18 Kyri Baker