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Large language models (LLMs) are achieving significant progress almost every moment now. Many advanced techniques have been introduced and widely accepted, like retrieval-augmentation generation (RAG), agents, and tools. Tools can query the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Petr Máša

Providing sufficient support for students requires substantial resources, especially considering the growing enrollment numbers. Students need help in a variety of tasks, ranging from information-seeking to requiring support with course…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Leonardo Pasquarelli , Charles Koutcheme , Arto Hellas

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems and large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots have significantly advanced conversational AI by combining generative capabilities with external knowledge retrieval. Despite their success,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Priyaranjan Pattnayak , Amit Agarwal , Hansa Meghwani , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Srikant Panda

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant promise for mathematics education, yet they often struggle with complex mathematical reasoning. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by grounding LLMs in external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shiting Chen , Zijian Zhao , Jinsong Chen

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a predominant method in the field of professional knowledge-based question answering. Presently, major foundation model companies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Demiao Lin

Training chatbots using the reinforcement learning paradigm is challenging due to high-dimensional states, infinite action spaces and the difficulty in specifying the reward function. We address such problems using clustered actions instead…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Heriberto Cuayáhuitl , Donghyeon Lee , Seonghan Ryu , Sungja Choi , Inchul Hwang , Jihie Kim

Pretraining Large Language Models (LLMs) on large corpora of textual data is now a standard paradigm. When using these LLMs for many downstream applications, it is common to additionally bake in new knowledge (e.g., time-critical news, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Tianjun Zhang , Shishir G. Patil , Naman Jain , Sheng Shen , Matei Zaharia , Ion Stoica , Joseph E. Gonzalez

As one of the most advanced techniques in AI, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can offer reliable and up-to-date external knowledge, providing huge convenience for numerous tasks. Particularly in the era of AI-Generated Content (AIGC),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Wenqi Fan , Yujuan Ding , Liangbo Ning , Shijie Wang , Hengyun Li , Dawei Yin , Tat-Seng Chua , Qing Li

Open domain dialog systems face the challenge of being repetitive and producing generic responses. In this paper, we demonstrate that by conditioning the response generation on interpretable discrete dialog attributes and composed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Chinnadhurai Sankar , Sujith Ravi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in enterprise question-answering (QA) systems, requiring adaptation to domain-specific knowledge. Among the most prevalent methods for incorporating such knowledge are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jakob Sturm , Josef Pichlmeier , Christian Bernhard , Maka Karalashvili , Johannes Klepsch , Georg Groh , Andre Luckow

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial strides in structured tasks through Reinforcement Learning (RL), demonstrating proficiency in mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, applying RL in broader domains like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hao Sun , Yunyi Shen , Jean-Francois Ton , Mihaela van der Schaar

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a promising solution to address various limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as hallucination and difficulties in keeping up with real-time updates. This approach is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Shuting Wang , Jiongnan Liu , Shiren Song , Jiehan Cheng , Yuqi Fu , Peidong Guo , Kun Fang , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has transformed information access and reasoning through open-ended natural language interaction. However, LLMs remain limited by static knowledge, factual hallucinations, and the inability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Minhua Lin , Zongyu Wu , Zhichao Xu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Charu Aggarwal , Hui Liu , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

This article introduces Bio-Eng-LMM AI chatbot, a versatile platform designed to enhance user interaction for educational and research purposes. Leveraging cutting-edge open-source Large Language Models (LLMs), Bio-Eng-LMM operates as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Ali Forootani , Danial Esmaeili Aliabadi , Daniela Thraen

In real-world applications with Large Language Models (LLMs), external retrieval mechanisms - such as Search-Augmented Generation (SAG), tool utilization, and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) - are often employed to enhance the quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Tzu-Lin Kuo , Feng-Ting Liao , Mu-Wei Hsieh , Fu-Chieh Chang , Po-Chun Hsu , Da-Shan Shiu

In the rapidly evolving landscape of cyber security, intelligent chatbots are gaining prominence. Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing empower these chatbots to handle user inquiries and deliver threat…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Dincy R. Arikkat , Abhinav M. , Navya Binu , Parvathi M. , Navya Biju , K. S. Arunima , Vinod P. , Rafidha Rehiman K. A. , Mauro Conti

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) empowers large language models (LLMs) to utilize external knowledge sources. The increasing capacity of LLMs to process longer input sequences opens up avenues for providing more retrieved information,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Jiawei Han , Sercan O. Arik

Retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) have been remarkably competent in various NLP tasks. However, it was observed by previous works that retrieval is not always helpful, especially when the LLM is already knowledgeable on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Chengkai Huang , Yu Xia , Rui Wang , Kaige Xie , Tong Yu , Julian McAuley , Lina Yao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal