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With the rise of advanced natural language models like GPT, distinguishing between human-written and GPT-generated text has become increasingly challenging and crucial across various domains, including academia. The long-standing issue of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 A. Selvioğlu , V. Adanova , M. Atagoziev

With the advent of fluent generative language models that can produce convincing utterances very similar to those written by humans, distinguishing whether a piece of text is machine-generated or human-written becomes more challenging and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Justus Mattern , Sicun Gao , Reza Shokri , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Large Language Model (LLMs) can be used to write or modify documents, presenting a challenge for understanding the intent behind their use. For example, benign uses may involve using LLM on a human-written document to improve its grammar or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yitong Wang , Zhongping Zhang , Margherita Piana , Zheng Zhou , Peter Gerstoft , Bryan A. Plummer

With the recent proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been an increasing demand for tools to detect machine-generated text. The effective detection of machine-generated text face two pertinent problems: First, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Mazal Bethany , Brandon Wherry , Emet Bethany , Nishant Vishwamitra , Anthony Rios , Peyman Najafirad

The development of Generative AI Large Language Models (LLMs) raised the alarm regarding identifying content produced through generative AI or humans. In one case, issues arise when students heavily rely on such tools in a manner that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ayat Najjar , Huthaifa I. Ashqar , Omar Darwish , Eman Hammad

With the rise of generative language models, machine-generated text detection has become a critical challenge. A wide variety of models is available, but inconsistent datasets, evaluation metrics, and assessment strategies obscure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Kevin Stowe , Kailash Patil

ChatGPT has the ability to generate grammatically flawless and seemingly-human replies to different types of questions from various domains. The number of its users and of its applications is growing at an unprecedented rate. Unfortunately,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Sandra Mitrović , Davide Andreoletti , Omran Ayoub

The training of deep-learning-based text classification models relies heavily on a huge amount of annotation data, which is difficult to obtain. When the labeled data is scarce, models tend to struggle to achieve satisfactory performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Dianbo Sui , Yubo Chen , Binjie Mao , Delai Qiu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have made it remarkably easy to synthesize plausible source code from natural language prompts. While this accelerates software development and supports learning, it also raises new risks for academic integrity,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Syed Mehedi Hasan Nirob , Shamim Ehsan , Moqsadur Rahman , Summit Haque

Large language models (LLMs) have gained popularity in various fields for their exceptional capability of generating human-like text. Their potential misuse has raised social concerns about plagiarism in academic contexts. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Luoxuan Weng , Minfeng Zhu , Kam Kwai Wong , Shi Liu , Jiashun Sun , Hang Zhu , Dongming Han , Wei Chen

In this paper, we explore meta-learning for few-shot text classification. Meta-learning has shown strong performance in computer vision, where low-level patterns are transferable across learning tasks. However, directly applying this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Yujia Bao , Menghua Wu , Shiyu Chang , Regina Barzilay

Recent LLMs are able to generate high-quality multilingual texts, indistinguishable for humans from authentic human-written ones. Research in machine-generated text detection is however mostly focused on the English language and longer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Dominik Macko , Jakub Kopal , Robert Moro , Ivan Srba

Large Language Models can emulate different writing styles, ranging from composing poetry that appears indistinguishable from that of famous poets to using slang that can convince people that they are chatting with a human online. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Vittoria Dentella , Weihang Huang , Silvia Angela Mansi , Jack Grieve , Evelina Leivada

Existing methods for the zero-shot detection of machine-generated text are dominated by three statistical quantities: log-likelihood, log-rank, and entropy. As language models mimic the distribution of human text ever closer, this will…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tom Kempton , Stuart Burrell , Connor Cheverall

Generating synthetic images of handwritten text in a writer-specific style is a challenging task, especially in the case of unseen styles and new words, and even more when these latter contain characters that are rarely encountered during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Vittorio Pippi , Silvia Cascianelli , Rita Cucchiara

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models has significantly increased the difficulty of distinguishing between human-written and AI generated texts, raising critical issues across academic, editorial, and social domains. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Cristian Buttaro , Irene Amerini

The powerful ability to understand, follow, and generate complex language emerging from large language models (LLMs) makes LLM-generated text flood many areas of our daily lives at an incredible speed and is widely accepted by humans. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Junchao Wu , Shu Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Yulin Yuan , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), the use of Machine-Generated Text (MGT) has become increasingly common, bringing with it potential risks, especially in terms of quality and integrity in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Qihui Zhang , Chujie Gao , Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Yixin Huang , Zhenyang Sun , Shilin Zhang , Weiye Li , Zhengyan Fu , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun

The growing use of large language models (LLMs) for text generation has led to widespread concerns about AI-generated content detection. However, an overlooked challenge is AI-polished text, where human-written content undergoes subtle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Shoumik Saha , Soheil Feizi

Prior work in style-controlled text generation has focused on tasks such as emulating the style of prolific literary authors, producing formal or informal text, and mitigating toxicity of generated text. Plentiful demonstrations of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Aleem Khan , Andrew Wang , Sophia Hager , Nicholas Andrews