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Sentence-level Quality estimation (QE) of machine translation is traditionally formulated as a regression task, and the performance of QE models is typically measured by Pearson correlation with human labels. Recent QE models have achieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Shuo Sun , Ahmed El-Kishky , Vishrav Chaudhary , James Cross , Francisco Guzmán , Lucia Specia

Active learning aims to deliver maximum benefit when resources are scarce. We use COMET-QE, a reference-free evaluation metric, to select sentences for low-resource neural machine translation. Using Swahili, Kinyarwanda and Spanish for our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Everlyn Asiko Chimoto , Bruce A. Bassett

Recent studies in prompting large language model (LLM) for document-level machine translation (DMT) primarily focus on the inter-sentence context by flatting the source document into a long sequence. This approach relies solely on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bin Liu , Xinglin Lyu , Junhui Li , Daimeng Wei , Min Zhang , Shimin Tao , Hao Yang

Large language models have demonstrated the capability to perform on machine translation when the input is prompted with a few examples (in-context learning). Translation quality depends on various features of the selected examples, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Aswanth Kumar , Ratish Puduppully , Raj Dabre , Anoop Kunchukuttan

We present COMET, a neural framework for training multilingual machine translation evaluation models which obtains new state-of-the-art levels of correlation with human judgements. Our framework leverages recent breakthroughs in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Ricardo Rei , Craig Stewart , Ana C Farinha , Alon Lavie

Current Machine Translation (MT) systems achieve very good results on a growing variety of language pairs and datasets. However, they are known to produce fluent translation outputs that can contain important meaning errors, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Diptesh Kanojia , Marina Fomicheva , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Frédéric Blain , Constantin Orăsan , Lucia Specia

This preliminary study investigates the usefulness of sentence-level Quality Estimation (QE) in English-Chinese Machine Translation Post-Editing (MTPE), focusing on its impact on post-editing speed and student translators' perceptions. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Siqi Liu , Guangrong Dai , Dechao Li

Translation Quality Estimation is critical to reducing post-editing efforts in machine translation and to cross-lingual corpus cleaning. As a research problem, quality estimation (QE) aims to directly estimate the quality of translation in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Mingjun Zhao , Haijiang Wu , Di Niu , Zixuan Wang , Xiaoli Wang

Traditional automatic evaluation measures for natural language generation (NLG) use costly human-authored references to estimate the quality of a system output. In this paper, we propose a referenceless quality estimation (QE) approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Ondřej Dušek , Jekaterina Novikova , Verena Rieser

Quality Estimation (QE) metrics are vital in machine translation for reference-free evaluation and increasingly serve as selection criteria in data filtering and candidate reranking. However, the prevalence and impact of length bias in QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yilin Zhang , Wenda Xu , Zhongtao Liu , Tetsuji Nakagawa , Markus Freitag

Neural machine translation (NMT) becomes a new approach to machine translation and generates much more fluent results compared to statistical machine translation (SMT). However, SMT is usually better than NMT in translation adequacy. It is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-24 Long Zhou , Wenpeng Hu , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Word-level quality estimation (QE) methods aim to detect erroneous spans in machine translations, which can direct and facilitate human post-editing. While the accuracy of word-level QE systems has been assessed extensively, their usability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gabriele Sarti , Vilém Zouhar , Grzegorz Chrupała , Ana Guerberof-Arenas , Malvina Nissim , Arianna Bisazza

Quality Estimation (QE) aims to assess the quality of machine translation (MT) outputs without relying on reference translations, making it essential for real-world, large-scale MT evaluation. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Archchana Sindhujan , Girish A. Koushik , Shenbin Qian , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orăsan

Providing quality scores along with Machine Translation (MT) output, so-called reference-free Quality Estimation (QE), is crucial to inform users about the reliability of the translation. We propose a model-specific, unsupervised QE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Tu Anh Dinh , Tobias Palzer , Jan Niehues

Quality Estimation (QE) is an important component in making Machine Translation (MT) useful in real-world applications, as it is aimed to inform the user on the quality of the MT output at test time. Existing approaches require large…

Translation Quality Evaluation (TQE) is an essential step of the modern translation production process. TQE is critical in assessing both machine translation (MT) and human translation (HT) quality without reference translations. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Serge Gladkoff , Lifeng Han , Gleb Erofeev , Irina Sorokina , Goran Nenadic

Machine Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of evaluating translation output in the absence of human-written references. Due to the scarcity of human-labeled QE data, previous works attempted to utilize the abundant unlabeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Baopu Qiu , Liang Ding , Di Wu , Lin Shang , Yibing Zhan , Dacheng Tao

We present a framework for machine translation evaluation using neural networks in a pairwise setting, where the goal is to select the better translation from a pair of hypotheses, given the reference translation. In this framework,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-06 Francisco Guzmán , Shafiq R. Joty , Lluís Màrquez , Preslav Nakov

Analytic Translation Quality Evaluation (TQE), based on Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM), traditionally uses a linear error-to-penalty scale calibrated to a reference sample of 1000-2000 words. However, linear extrapolation biases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Serge Gladkoff , Lifeng Han , Katerina Gasova

Reranking a list of candidates from a machine translation system with an external scoring model and returning the highest-scoring candidate remains a simple and effective method for improving the overall output quality. Translation scoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Julius Cheng , Maike Züfle , Vilém Zouhar , Andreas Vlachos