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Contrastive learning (CL) has emerged as a powerful technique for representation learning, with or without label supervision. However, supervised CL is prone to collapsing representations of subclasses within a class by not capturing all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yihao Xue , Siddharth Joshi , Eric Gan , Pin-Yu Chen , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Continual Learning (CL) aims to enable models to sequentially learn multiple tasks without forgetting previous knowledge. Recent studies have shown that optimizing towards flatter loss minima can improve model generalization. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yanan Chen , Tieliang Gong , Yunjiao Zhang , Wen Wen

Contrastive learning is one of the fastest growing research areas in machine learning due to its ability to learn useful representations without labeled data. However, contrastive learning is susceptible to feature suppression, i.e., it may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Tianhong Li , Lijie Fan , Yuan Yuan , Hao He , Yonglong Tian , Rogerio Feris , Piotr Indyk , Dina Katabi

Automated Audio captioning (AAC) is a cross-modal translation task that aims to use natural language to describe the content of an audio clip. As shown in the submissions received for Task 6 of the DCASE 2021 Challenges, this problem has…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Xubo Liu , Qiushi Huang , Xinhao Mei , Tom Ko , H Lilian Tang , Mark D. Plumbley , Wenwu Wang

The evaluation of cross-lingual semantic search models is often limited to existing datasets from tasks such as information retrieval and semantic textual similarity. We introduce Cross-Lingual Semantic Discrimination (CLSD), a lightweight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Andrianos Michail , Simon Clematide , Rico Sennrich

Self-supervised learning (SSL) approaches, such as contrastive and generative methods, have advanced environmental sound representation learning using unlabeled data. However, how these approaches can complement each other within a unified…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Sivan Ding , Julia Wilkins , Magdalena Fuentes , Juan Pablo Bello

Recently, contrastive learning (CL) plays an important role in exploring complementary information for multi-view clustering (MVC) and has attracted increasing attention. Nevertheless, real-world multi-view data suffer from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Hongqing He , Jie Xu , Wenyuan Yang , Yonghua Zhu , Guoqiu Wen , Xiaofeng Zhu

A key requirement for the success of supervised deep learning is a large labeled dataset - a condition that is difficult to meet in medical image analysis. Self-supervised learning (SSL) can help in this regard by providing a strategy to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Krishna Chaitanya , Ertunc Erdil , Neerav Karani , Ender Konukoglu

Continual learning (CL) enables models to adapt to evolving data streams without catastrophic forgetting, a fundamental requirement for real-world AI systems. However, the current methods often depend on large replay buffers or heavily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Indu Solomon , Aye Phyu Phyu Aung , Uttam Kumar , Senthilnath Jayavelu

Although deep learning-based segmentation models have achieved impressive performance on public benchmarks, generalizing well to unseen environments remains a major challenge. To improve the model's generalization ability to the new domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Yunlong Zhang , Yuxuan Sun , Sunyi Zheng , Zhongyi Shui , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) in real-world scenarios remains challenging due to severe class imbalance and the prevalence of spontaneous, natural speech. While recent approaches leverage self-supervised learning (SSL) representations…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Lucas H. Ueda , João G. T. Lima , Paula D. P. Costa

Within the audio research community and the industry, keyword spotting (KWS) and audio tagging (AT) are seen as two distinct tasks and research fields. However, from a technical point of view, both of these tasks are identical: they predict…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Heinrich Dinkel , Yongqing Wang , Zhiyong Yan , Junbo Zhang , Yujun Wang

Multilingual speech processing requires understanding emotions, a task made difficult by limited labelled data. CLARA, minimizes reliance on labelled data, enhancing generalization across languages. It excels at fostering shared…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Kari A Noriy , Xiaosong Yang , Marcin Budka , Jian Jun Zhang

The ability to learn in dynamic, nonstationary environments without forgetting previous knowledge, also known as Continual Learning (CL), is a key enabler for scalable and trustworthy deployments of adaptive solutions. While the importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Andrea Cossu , Antonio Carta , Davide Bacciu

Inspired by the curvature of space-time (Einstein, 1921), we introduce Curved Contrastive Learning (CCL), a novel representation learning technique for learning the relative turn distance between utterance pairs in multi-turn dialogues. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Justus-Jonas Erker , Stefan Schaffer , Gerasimos Spanakis

In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end user-defined keyword spotting method that utilizes linguistically corresponding patterns between speech and text sequences. Unlike previous approaches requiring speech keyword enrollment, our…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-04 Hyeon-Kyeong Shin , Hyewon Han , Doyeon Kim , Soo-Whan Chung , Hong-Goo Kang

In traditional audio captioning methods, a model is usually trained in a fully supervised manner using a human-annotated dataset containing audio-text pairs and then evaluated on the test sets from the same dataset. Such methods have two…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yiming Zhang , Xuenan Xu , Ruoyi Du , Haohe Liu , Yuan Dong , Zheng-Hua Tan , Wenwu Wang , Zhanyu Ma

User-defined keyword spotting on a resource-constrained edge device is challenging. However, keywords are often bounded by a maximum keyword length, which has been largely under-leveraged in prior works. Our analysis of keyword-length…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Kumari Nishu , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

Contrastive learning is among the most successful methods for visual representation learning, and its performance can be further improved by jointly performing clustering on the learned representations. However, existing methods for joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Shunjie-Fabian Zheng , JaeEun Nam , Emilio Dorigatti , Bernd Bischl , Shekoofeh Azizi , Mina Rezaei

Contrastive learning has achieved great success in self-supervised visual representation learning, but existing approaches mostly ignored spatial information which is often crucial for visual representation. This paper presents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Xinyue Huo , Lingxi Xie , Longhui Wei , Xiaopeng Zhang , Hao Li , Zijie Yang , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li , Qi Tian