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Spoken keyword spotting (KWS) deals with the identification of keywords in audio streams and has become a fast-growing technology thanks to the paradigm shift introduced by deep learning a few years ago. This has allowed the rapid embedding…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Iván López-Espejo , Zheng-Hua Tan , John Hansen , Jesper Jensen

Cross-lingual summarization (CLS) is a sophisticated branch in Natural Language Processing that demands models to accurately translate and summarize articles from different source languages. Despite the improvement of the subsequent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Sanzana Karim Lora , M. Sohel Rahman , Rifat Shahriyar

Despite the great success of spoken language understanding (SLU) in high-resource languages, it remains challenging in low-resource languages mainly due to the lack of labeled training data. The recent multilingual code-switching approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Shining Liang , Linjun Shou , Jian Pei , Ming Gong , Wanli Zuo , Xianglin Zuo , Daxin Jiang

Keyword spotting (KWS) aims to discriminate a specific wake-up word from other signals precisely and efficiently for different users. Recent works utilize various deep networks to train KWS models with all users' speech data centralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Xin-Chun Li , Jin-Lin Tang , Shaoming Song , Bingshuai Li , Yinchuan Li , Yunfeng Shao , Le Gan , De-Chuan Zhan

State-of-the-art natural language understanding classification models follow two-stages: pre-training a large language model on an auxiliary task, and then fine-tuning the model on a task-specific labeled dataset using cross-entropy loss.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Beliz Gunel , Jingfei Du , Alexis Conneau , Ves Stoyanov

A keyword spotting (KWS) engine that is continuously running on device is exposed to various speech signals that are usually unseen before. It is a challenging problem to build a small-footprint and high-performing KWS model with robustness…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Zhenyu Wang , Li Wan , Biqiao Zhang , Yiteng Huang , Shang-Wen Li , Ming Sun , Xin Lei , Zhaojun Yang

Contrastive language-audio pre-training (CLAP), which learns audio-language representations by aligning audio and text in a common feature space, has become popular for solving audio tasks. However, CLAP's audio features lack…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Daisuke Niizumi , Daiki Takeuchi , Masahiro Yasuda , Binh Thien Nguyen , Yasunori Ohishi , Noboru Harada

Keyword Spotting plays a critical role in enabling hands-free interaction for battery-powered edge devices. Few-Shot Keyword Spotting (FS-KWS) addresses the scalability and adaptability challenges of traditional systems by enabling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-09 Alican Gok , Oguzhan Buyuksolak , Osman Erman Okman , Murat Saraclar

Keyword spotting (KWS) plays an essential role in enabling speech-based user interaction on smart devices, and conventional KWS (C-KWS) approaches have concentrated on detecting user-agnostic pre-defined keywords. However, in practice, most…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Seunghan Yang , Byeonggeun Kim , Inseop Chung , Simyung Chang

The challenges in applying contrastive learning to speaker verification (SV) are that the softmax-based contrastive loss lacks discriminative power and that the hard negative pairs can easily influence learning. To overcome the first…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Zhe Li , Man-Wai Mak , Helen Mei-Ling Meng

The effectiveness of contrastive learning in sequential recommendation hinges on the construction of contrastive views, which ideally should be both semantically consistent and diverse. However, most existing CL-based methods rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wei Wang

Sound source localization aims to localize objects emitting the sound in visual scenes. Recent works obtaining impressive results typically rely on contrastive learning. However, the common practice of randomly sampling negatives in prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Zengjie Song , Jiangshe Zhang , Yuxi Wang , Junsong Fan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Continual learning (CL) aims to constantly learn new knowledge over time while avoiding catastrophic forgetting on old tasks. We focus on continual text classification under the class-incremental setting. Recent CL studies have identified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yifan Song , Peiyi Wang , Weimin Xiong , Dawei Zhu , Tianyu Liu , Zhifang Sui , Sujian Li

Recently, contrastive learning (CL) has emerged as a successful method for unsupervised graph representation learning. Most graph CL methods first perform stochastic augmentation on the input graph to obtain two graph views and maximize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Yanqiao Zhu , Yichen Xu , Feng Yu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Recent advances have been witnessed in audio-language joint learning, such as CLAP, that shows much success in multi-modal understanding tasks. These models usually aggregate uni-modal local representations, namely frame or word features,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-16 Yiming Li , Zhifang Guo , Xiangdong Wang , Hong Liu

Recognizing underwater targets from acoustic signals is a challenging task owing to the intricate ocean environments and variable underwater channels. While deep learning-based systems have become the mainstream approach for underwater…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Yuan Xie , Jiawei Ren , Ji Xu

Detecting occurrences of keywords with keyword spotting (KWS) systems requires thresholding continuous detection scores. Selecting appropriate thresholds is a non-trivial task, typically relying on optimizing performance on a validation…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Kevin Wilkinghoff , Alessia Cornaggia-Urrigshardt , Zheng-Hua Tan

Unsupervised clustering aims at discovering the semantic categories of data according to some distance measured in the representation space. However, different categories often overlap with each other in the representation space at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Dejiao Zhang , Feng Nan , Xiaokai Wei , Shangwen Li , Henghui Zhu , Kathleen McKeown , Ramesh Nallapati , Andrew Arnold , Bing Xiang

Invariant Contrastive Learning (ICL) methods have achieved impressive performance across various domains. However, the absence of latent space representation for distortion (augmentation)-related information in the latent space makes ICL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Sifan Song , Jinfeng Wang , Qiaochu Zhao , Xiang Li , Dufan Wu , Angelos Stefanidis , Jionglong Su , S. Kevin Zhou , Quanzheng Li

Globalization and multiculturalism continue to produce increasingly diverse speech varieties. Yet current spoken dialogue systems frequently fail on under-represented dialects and accents, often misidentifying the input language and causing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Miria Feng , William Tan , Mert Pilanci
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