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In binary classification, there are situations where negative (N) data are too diverse to be fully labeled and we often resort to positive-unlabeled (PU) learning in these scenarios. However, collecting a non-representative N set that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Positive-unlabeled learning (PUL) aims at learning a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled training data. Even though real-world applications often involve imbalanced datasets where the majority of examples belong to one class,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-12 Emilio Dorigatti , Jann Goschenhofer , Benjamin Schubert , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl

When dealing with binary classification of data with only one labeled class data scientists employ two main approaches, namely One-Class (OC) classification and Positive Unlabeled (PU) learning. The former only learns from labeled positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Farid Bagirov , Dmitry Ivanov , Aleksei Shpilman

Learning binary classifiers from positive and unlabeled data (PUL) is vital in many real-world applications, especially when verifying negative examples is difficult. Despite the impressive empirical performance of recent PUL methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Xinrui Wang , Wenhai Wan , Chuanxin Geng , Shaoyuan LI , Songcan Chen

This study proposes a novel approach for solving the PU learning problem based on an anomaly-detection strategy. Latent encodings extracted from positive-labeled data are linearly combined to acquire new samples. These new samples are used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Vasileios Sevetlidis , George Pavlidis , Spyridon Mouroutsos , Antonios Gasteratos

Multi-label classification (MLC) faces challenges from label noise in training data due to annotating diverse semantic labels for each image. Current methods mainly target identifying and correcting label mistakes using trained MLC models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Zhixiang Yuan , Kaixin Zhang , Tao Huang

Document-level relation extraction (RE) aims to identify relations between entities across multiple sentences. Most previous methods focused on document-level RE under full supervision. However, in real-world scenario, it is expensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ye Wang , Xinxin Liu , Wenxin Hu , Tao Zhang

Positive--unlabeled (PU) learning considers two samples, a positive set P with observations from only one class and an unlabeled set U with observations from two classes. The goal is to classify observations in U. Class mixture proportion…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-13 Zhenfeng Lin , James P. Long

We introduce a new observational setting for Positive Unlabeled (PU) data where the observations at prediction time are also labeled. This occurs commonly in practice -- we argue that the additional information is important for prediction,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-16 Jan Mielniczuk , Adam Wawrzeńczyk

We consider a problem of learning a binary classifier only from positive data and unlabeled data (PU learning) and estimating the class-prior in unlabeled data under the case-control scenario. Most of the recent methods of PU learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Masahiro Kato , Liyuan Xu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning is an analog to supervised binary classification for the case when only the positive sample is clean, while the negative sample is contaminated with latent instances of positive class and hence can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Dmitry Ivanov

Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning addresses classification problems where only a subset of positive examples is labeled and the remaining data is unlabeled, making explicit negative supervision unavailable. Existing PU methods often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Vasileios Sevetlidis , George Pavlidis , Antonios Gasteratos

Learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) data is an important problem in various applications. Most of the recent approaches for PU classification assume that the class-prior (the ratio of positive samples) in the training unlabeled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Shota Nakajima , Masashi Sugiyama

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a variation of traditional supervised learning problems where data (referred to as bags) are composed of sub-elements (referred to as instances) and only bag labels are available. MIL has a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Han Bao , Tomoya Sakai , Issei Sato , Masashi Sugiyama

Positive-unlabeled learning (PU learning) in hyperspectral remote sensing imagery (HSI) is aimed at learning a binary classifier from positive and unlabeled data, which has broad prospects in various earth vision applications. However, when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hengwei Zhao , Xinyu Wang , Jingtao Li , Yanfei Zhong

In this paper, we address the problem of learning a binary (positive vs. negative) classifier given Positive and Unlabeled data commonly referred to as PU learning. Although rudimentary techniques like clustering, out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Omar Zamzam , Haleh Akrami , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Richard Leahy

The positive-unlabeled (PU) classification is a common scenario in real-world applications such as healthcare, text classification, and bioinformatics, in which we only observe a few samples labeled as "positive" together with a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Ke Ren , Haichuan Yang , Yu Zhao , Mingshan Xue , Hongyu Miao , Shuai Huang , Ji Liu

Planning for a wide range of real-world tasks necessitates to know and write all constraints. However, instances exist where these constraints are either unknown or challenging to specify accurately. A possible solution is to infer the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Baiyu Peng , Aude Billard

We present a novel approach to learn binary classifiers when only positive and unlabeled instances are available (PU learning). This problem is routinely cast as a supervised task with label noise in the negative set. We use an ensemble of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-02-13 Marc Claesen , Frank De Smet , Johan A. K. Suykens , Bart De Moor

People learn to discriminate between classes without explicit exposure to negative examples. On the contrary, traditional machine learning algorithms often rely on negative examples, otherwise the model would be prone to collapse and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Chenhao Xie , Qiao Cheng , Jiaqing Liang , Lihan Chen , Yanghua Xiao