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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on assisting humans in programming and facilitating programming automation. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating the code understanding and generation capacities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Weixiang Yan , Haitian Liu , Yunkun Wang , Yunzhe Li , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Tingyu Lin , Weishan Zhao , Li Zhu , Hari Sundaram , Shuiguang Deng

Large language models (LLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in software engineering (SE) due to their unprecedented performance across various applications. These models are increasingly being utilized for a range of SE tasks, including…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xing Hu , Feifei Niu , Junkai Chen , Xin Zhou , Junwei Zhang , Junda He , Xin Xia , David Lo

Code coverage is a widely used metric for quantifying the extent to which program elements, such as statements or branches, are executed during testing. Calculating code coverage is resource-intensive, requiring code building and execution…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Michele Tufano , Shubham Chandel , Anisha Agarwal , Neel Sundaresan , Colin Clement

Unit testing plays a pivotal role in software development, improving software quality and reliability. However, generating effective test cases manually is time-consuming, prompting interest in unit testing research. Recently, Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ye Shang , Quanjun Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Siqi Gu , Jianyi Zhou , Zhenyu Chen

Code review is a vital but demanding aspect of software development, generating significant interest in automating review comments. Traditional evaluation methods for these comments, primarily based on text similarity, face two major…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Junyi Lu , Xiaojia Li , Zihan Hua , Lei Yu , Shiqi Cheng , Li Yang , Fengjun Zhang , Chun Zuo

System models, a critical artifact in software development, provide a formal abstraction of both the structural and behavioral aspects of software systems, which can facilitate the early requirements analysis and architecture design.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Dongming Jin , Zhi Jin , Linyu Li , Zheng Fang , Jia Li , Xiaohong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming integral to modern software development workflows, assisting developers with code generation, API explanation, and iterative problem-solving through natural language conversations. Despite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Suzhen Zhong , Ying Zou , Bram Adams

Code smells are symptoms of potential code quality problems that may affect software maintainability, thus increasing development costs and impacting software reliability. Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Saymon Souza , Amanda Santana , Eduardo Figueiredo , Igor Muzetti , João Eduardo Montandon , Lionel Briand

LLMs have achieved strong results on both function-level code synthesis and repository-level code modification, yet a capability that falls between these two extremes -- compositional code creation, i.e., building a complete, internally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yeheng Chen , Chaoxiang Xie , Yuling Shi , Wenhao Zeng , Yongpan Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Xiaodong Gu

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT have become popular among programming students. Students use LLMs to assist them in programming courses, including generating source code. Previous work has evaluated the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Emir Catir , Robin Claesson , Rodothea Myrsini Tsoupidi

This study evaluates the efficiency of code generation by Large Language Models (LLMs) and measures their performance against human-crafted solutions using a dataset from Leetcode. We compare 18 LLMs, considering factors such as model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Tristan Coignion , Clément Quinton , Romain Rouvoy

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate capabilities in code generation, potentially boosting developer productivity. However, their adoption remains limited by high computational costs, among other factors. Small Language Models (SLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Débora Souza , Rohit Gheyi , Lucas Albuquerque , Gustavo Soares , Márcio Ribeiro

As the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has dramatically enhanced their capabilities, there has been a growing focus on the alignment problem to ensure their responsible and ethical use. While existing alignment efforts predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yuhang Wang , Yanxu Zhu , Chao Kong , Shuyu Wei , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Jitao Sang

Context: Due to the demand for strong algorithmic reasoning, complex logic implementation, and strict adherence to input/output formats and resource constraints, competitive programming generation by large language models (LLMs) is…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Minnan Wei , Ziming Li , Xiang Chen , Menglin Zheng , Ziyan Qu , Cheng Yu , Siyu Chen , Xiaolin Ju

Automatic code generation has gained significant momentum with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4. Although many studies focus on improving the effectiveness of LLMs for code generation, very limited work tries to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Melika Sepidband , Hamed Taherkhani , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

Software development support tools have been studied for a long time, with recent approaches using Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation. These models can generate Python code for data science and machine learning applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Piotr Gramacki , Bruno Martins , Piotr Szymański

Automating software development processes through the orchestration of GitHub Action workflows has revolutionized the efficiency and agility of software delivery pipelines. This paper presents a detailed investigation into the use of Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Deep Mehta , Kartik Rawool , Subodh Gujar , Bowen Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in software engineering to generate, complete, translate, and fix code, improving developer productivity. While most research focuses on the energy consumption and carbon emissions of model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sabiya Banu Masthan Ali , Oussema Kirmani , Aroosa Hameed , Syed Muhammad Danish , Gautam Srivastava

Context. The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to their widespread adoption in development pipelines. Goal. We empirically assess the energy efficiency of Python code generated by LLMs against human-written code and code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Radu Apsan , Vincenzo Stoico , Michel Albonico , Rudra Dhar , Karthik Vaidhyanathan , Ivano Malavolta

In this study, we explore the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate hardware design by generating high-quality Verilog code, a common language for designing and modeling digital systems. We fine-tune pre-existing LLMs on…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Shailja Thakur , Baleegh Ahmad , Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg