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An edge-colouring of a graph $G$ can fail to be rainbow for two reasons: either it contains a monochromatic cherry (a pair of incident edges), or a monochromatic matching of size two. A colouring is a proper colouring if it forbids the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Allan Lo , Klas Markström , Dhruv Mubayi , Katherine Staden , Maya Stein , Lea Weber

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph with $n$ vertices. A subgraph $H$ of $G$ is called a rainbow subgraph of $G$ if the colors of each pair of the edges in $E(H)$ are distinct. We define the minimum color degree of $G$ to be the smallest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-26 Wipawee Tangjai

For a given $\delta \in (0,1)$, the randomly perturbed graph model is defined as the union of any $n$-vertex graph $G_0$ with minimum degree $\delta n$ and the binomial random graph $\mathbf{G}(n,p)$ on the same vertex set. Moreover, we say…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Kyriakos Katsamaktsis , Shoham Letzter , Amedeo Sgueglia

An edge-colored multigraph $G$ is rainbow connected if every pair of vertices is joined by at least one rainbow path, i.e., a path where no two edges are of the same color. In the context of multilayered networks we introduce the notion of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Josep Díaz , Öznur Yaşar Diner , Maria Serna , Oriol Serra

Aharoni and Berger conjectured that in any bipartite multigraph that is properly edge-coloured by $n$ colours with at least $n + 1$ edges of each colour there must be a matching that uses each colour exactly once. In this paper we consider…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-10 Peter Keevash , Liana Yepremyan

Given an edge-colored graph, the Maximum Rainbow Matching problem asks for a maximum-cardinality matching of the graph that contains at most one edge from each color. We provide the following complexity dichotomy for this problem based on…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Felix Hommelsheim , Pia Jehmlich , Moritz Mühlenthaler

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. The color degree of a vertex $v$ of $G$, is defined as the number of colors of the edges incident to $v$. The color number of $G$ is defined as the number of colors of the edges in $G$. A rainbow triangle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-27 Binlong Li , Bo Ning , Chuandong Xu , Shenggui Zhang

Let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ with an edge-coloring $c$, and let $\delta^c(G)$ denote the minimum color-degree of $G$. A subgraph $F$ of $G$ is called rainbow if any two edges of $F$ have distinct colors. There have been a lot results in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-04 Xiaozheng Chen , Xueliang Li

Given an edge-colored graph $G$, we denote the number of colors as $c(G)$, and the number of edges as $e(G)$. An edge-colored graph is rainbow if no two edges share the same color. A proper $mK_3$ is a vertex disjoint union of $m$ rainbow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-29 Jürgen Kritschgau , tahda queer , Cyrus Young , Wohua Zhou

A rainbow matching in an edge-colored graph is a matching whose edges have distinct colors. We address the complexity issue of the following problem, \mrbm: Given an edge-colored graph $G$, how large is the largest rainbow matching in $G$?…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-12-30 Van Bang Le , Florian Pfender

Given a graph on $n$ vertices and an assignment of colours to the edges, a rainbow Hamilton cycle is a cycle of length $n$ visiting each vertex once and with pairwise different colours on the edges. Similarly (for even $n$) a rainbow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-17 Deepak Bal , Patrick Bennett , Xavier Pérez-Giménez , Paweł Prałat

For a given graph $H$ and $n\geq 1$, let $f(n,H)$ denote the maximum number $c$ for which there is a way to color the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ with $c$ colors such that every subgraph $H$ of $K_n$ has at least two edges of the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 He Chen , Xueliang Li , Jianhua Tu

A folklore result on matchings in graphs states that if $G$ is a bipartite graph whose vertex classes $A$ and $B$ each have size $n$, with $\mathrm{deg}(u) \geq a$ for every $u \in A$ and $\mathrm{deg}(v) \geq b$ for every $v \in B$, then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-14 Candida Bowtell , Richard Mycroft

Let $G$ be a simple graph with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$. A subgraph $H$ of $G$ is overfull if $|E(H)|>\Delta(G)\lfloor |V(H)|/2 \rfloor$. Chetwynd and Hilton in 1985 conjectured that a graph $G$ with $\Delta(G)>|V(G)|/3$ has chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Michael J. Plantholt , Songling Shan

Aharoni and Berger conjectured that in every proper edge-colouring of a bipartite multigraph by $n$ colours with at least $n+1$ edges of each colour there is a rainbow matching using every colour. This conjecture generalizes a longstanding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-28 Alexey Pokrovskiy

An edge-colored graph $G$ is {\em rainbow connected} if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The {\em rainbow connection} of a connected graph $G$, denoted $rc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-09-16 Sourav Chakraborty , Eldar Fischer , Arie Matsliah , Raphael Yuster

A well-studied coloring problem is to assign colors to the edges of a graph $G$ so that, for every pair of vertices, all edges of at least one shortest path between them receive different colors. The minimum number of colors necessary in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-17 L. Sunil Chandran , Anita Das , Davis Issac , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

Given $n\in k\mathbb{N}$ elements set $V$ and $k$-uniform hypergraphs $\mathcal{H}_1,\ldots,\mathcal{H}_{n/k}$ on $V$. A rainbow perfect matching is a collection of pairwise disjoint edges $E_1\in \mathcal{H}_1,\ldots,E_{n/k}\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-19 Jie You

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph on $n$ vertices. For a vertex $v$, the \emph{color degree} of $v$ in $G$, denoted by $d^c(v)$, is the number of colors appearing on the edges incident with $v$. Denote by $\delta^c(G)=\min\{d^c(v):v\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Xiaozheng Chen , Bo Ning

A properly edge-colored graph is a graph with a coloring of its edges such that no vertex is incident to two or more edges of the same color. A subgraph is called rainbow if all its edges have different colors. The problem of finding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Benny Sudakov