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This paper presents a sociotechnical vision for managing personal data, including cookies, within Web browsers. We first present our vision for a future of semi-automated data governance on the Web, using policy languages to describe data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jesse Wright , Beatriz Esteves , Rui Zhao

This paper explores tracking and privacy risks on pornography websites. Our analysis of 22,484 pornography websites indicated that 93% leak user data to a third party. Tracking on these sites is highly concentrated by a handful of major…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Elena Maris , Timothy Libert , Jennifer Henrichsen

Privacy is an increasingly feeble constituent of the present datafied world and apparently the reason for that is clear: powerful actors worked to invade everyone's privacy for commercial and surveillance purposes. The existence of those…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Marco Cremonini

The digital age has brought a world of opportunity to children. Connectivity can be a game-changer for some of the world's most marginalized children. However, while legislatures around the world have enacted regulations to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Ruoxi Sun , Minhui Xue , Gareth Tyson , Shuo Wang , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

In Europe and indeed worldwide, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides protection to individuals regarding their personal data in the face of new technological developments. GDPR is widely viewed as the benchmark for data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Damiano Torre , Mauricio Alferez , Ghanem Soltana , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Lionel Briand

This study explores the widespread perception that personal data, such as email addresses, may be shared or sold without informed user consent, investigating whether these concerns are reflected in actual practices of popular online…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Scott Seidenberger , Oluwasijibomi Ajisegiri , Noah Pursell , Fazil Raja , Anindya Maiti

The use of software applications is inevitable as they provide different services to users. The software applications collect, store users' data, and sometimes share with the third party, even without the user consent. One can argue that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Abdulrahman Alhazmi , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

A dominant regulatory model for web privacy is "notice and choice". In this model, users are notified of data collection and provided with options to control it. To examine the efficacy of this approach, this study presents the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Timothy Libert

Privacy policies are legal documents that describe how a website will collect, use, and distribute a user's data. Unfortunately, such documents are often overly complicated and filled with legal jargon; making it difficult for users to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Zachary Lindner

The privacy community has a long track record of investigating emerging types of web tracking techniques. Recent work has focused on compliance of web trackers with new privacy laws such as Europe's GDPR and California's CCPA. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Shaoor Munir , Nurullah Demir , Qian Li , Konrad Kollnig , Zubair Shafiq

Web cookies have been the subject of many research studies over the last few years. However, most existing research does not consider multiple crucial perspectives that can influence the cookie landscape, such as the client's location, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Ali Rasaii , Shivani Singh , Devashish Gosain , Oliver Gasser

Specifying legal requirements for software systems to ensure their compliance with the applicable regulations is a major concern to requirements engineering (RE). Personal data which is collected by an organization is often shared with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Muhammad Ilyas Azeem , Sallam Abualhaija

The widespread adoption of telehealth systems has led to a significant increase in the use of healthcare apps among older adults, but this rapid growth has also heightened concerns about the privacy of their health information. While HIPAA…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Suleiman Saka , Sanchari Das

The GDPR, or the Datenschutz Grundverordnung (DSGVO) in German, is an EU Law which addresses the subject of safeguarding privacy of personal data of the citizens of the EU and EEA. It also specifies how data the collected data might be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Sanchit Alekh

Access to online data has long been important for law enforcement agencies in their collection of electronic evidence and investigation of crimes. These activities have also long involved cross-border investigations and international…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Jukka Ruohonen

The enforcement of the GDPR led to the widespread adoption of consent notices, colloquially known as cookie banners. Studies have shown that many website operators do not comply with the law and track users prior to any interaction with the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Ralf Gundelach , Dominik Herrmann

The virtual dimension called `Cyberspace' built on internet technologies has served people's daily lives for decades. Now it offers advanced services and connected experiences with the developing pervasive computing technologies that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Yinhao Jiang , Ba Dung Le , Tanveer Zia , Praveen Gauravaram

In 2024, Saudi Arabia's Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) came into force. However, little work has been done to assess its implementation. In this paper, we analyzed 100 e-commerce websites operating in Saudi Arabia against the PDPL,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Eman Alashwali , Abeer Alhuzali

Privacy policies define the terms under which personal data may be collected and processed by data controllers. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes requirements on these policies that are often difficult to implement.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Raúl Pardo , Daniel Le Métayer

On the modern web, trackers and advertisers frequently construct and monetize users' detailed behavioral profiles without consent. Despite various studies on web tracking mechanisms and advertisements, there has been no rigorous study…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Zahra Moti , Asuman Senol , Hamid Bostani , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius , Veelasha Moonsamy , Arunesh Mathur , Gunes Acar