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Teaching machines to accomplish tasks by conversing naturally with humans is challenging. Currently, developing task-oriented dialogue systems requires creating multiple components and typically this involves either a large amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-25 Tsung-Hsien Wen , David Vandyke , Nikola Mrksic , Milica Gasic , Lina M. Rojas-Barahona , Pei-Hao Su , Stefan Ultes , Steve Young

With a major focus on its history, difficulties, and promise, this research paper provides a thorough analysis of the chatbot technology environment as it exists today. It provides a very flexible chatbot system that makes use of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Shivom Aggarwal , Shourya Mehra , Pritha Mitra

Software development is a cognitively intensive process requiring multitasking, adherence to evolving workflows, and continuous learning. With the rise of large language model (LLM)-based tools, such as conversational agents (CAs), there is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Glaucia Melo , Paulo Alencar , Donald Cowan

Conversational agents have become ubiquitous, ranging from goal-oriented systems for helping with reservations to chit-chat models found in modern virtual assistants. In this survey paper, we explore this fascinating field. We look at some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Vinayak Mathur , Arpit Singh

Dialogue research tends to distinguish between chit-chat and goal-oriented tasks. While the former is arguably more naturalistic and has a wider use of language, the latter has clearer metrics and a straightforward learning signal. Humans…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Shrimai Prabhumoye , Margaret Li , Jack Urbanek , Emily Dinan , Douwe Kiela , Jason Weston , Arthur Szlam

When autonomous agents interact in the same environment, they must often cooperate to achieve their goals. One way for agents to cooperate effectively is to form a team, make a binding agreement on a joint plan, and execute it. However,…

Trainable chatbots that exhibit fluent and human-like conversations remain a big challenge in artificial intelligence. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is promising for addressing this challenge, but its successful application remains an…

Most popular goal-oriented dialogue agents are capable of understanding the conversational context. However, with the surge of virtual assistants with screen, the next generation of agents are required to also understand screen context in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-26 Sanchit Agarwal , Jan Jezabek , Arijit Biswas , Emre Barut , Shuyang Gao , Tagyoung Chung

A good dialogue agent should have the ability to interact with users by both responding to questions and by asking questions, and importantly to learn from both types of interaction. In this work, we explore this direction by designing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Jiwei Li , Alexander H. Miller , Sumit Chopra , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato , Jason Weston

Learning an efficient manager of dialogue agent from data with little manual intervention is important, especially for goal-oriented dialogues. However, existing methods either take too many manual efforts (e.g. reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Zhuoxuan Jiang , Xian-Ling Mao , Ziming Huang , Jie Ma , Shaochun Li

The manual modeling of complex systems is a daunting task; and although a plethora of methods exist that mitigate this issue, the problem remains very difficult. Recent advances in generative AI have allowed the creation of general-purpose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-05 David Harel , Guy Katz , Assaf Marron , Smadar Szekely

Dialog systems research has primarily been focused around two main types of applications - task-oriented dialog systems that learn to use clarification to aid in understanding a goal, and open-ended dialog systems that are expected to carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Aishwarya Padmakumar , Raymond J. Mooney

It may be difficult for some individuals to open up and share their thoughts and feelings in front of a mental health expert. For those who are more at ease with a virtual agent, conversational agents can serve as an intermediate step in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Harsh Sakhrani , Saloni Parekh , Shubham Mahajan

Along with the development of systems for natural language understanding and generation, dialog systems have been widely adopted for language learning and practicing. Many current educational dialog systems perform chitchat, where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Kun Qian , Ryan Shea , Yu Li , Luke Kutszik Fryer , Zhou Yu

Most existing approaches for goal-oriented dialogue policy learning used reinforcement learning, which focuses on the target agent policy and simply treat the opposite agent policy as part of the environment. While in real-world scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Zheng Zhang , Lizi Liao , Xiaoyan Zhu , Tat-Seng Chua , Zitao Liu , Yan Huang , Minlie Huang

Task-oriented dialogue focuses on conversational agents that participate in user-initiated dialogues on domain-specific topics. In contrast to chatbots, which simply seek to sustain open-ended meaningful discourse, existing task-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Mihail Eric , Christopher D. Manning

A Chatbot serves as a communication tool between a human user and a machine to achieve an appropriate answer based on the human input. In more recent approaches, a combination of Natural Language Processing and sequential models are used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Nura Esfandiari , Kourosh Kiani , Razieh Rastgoo

Bots are software systems designed to support users by automating a specific process, task, or activity. When such systems implement a conversational component to interact with the users, they are also known as conversational agents. Bots,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Stefano Lambiase , Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba , Filomena Ferrucci

This paper tackles the problem of learning a questioner in the goal-oriented visual dialog task. Several previous works adopt model-free reinforcement learning. Most pretrain the model from a finite set of human-generated data. We argue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Yen-Wei Chang , Wen-Hsiao Peng

In this work we apply deep reinforcement learning to the problems of navigating a three-dimensional environment and inferring the locations of human speaker audio sources within, in the case where the only available information is the raw…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Petros Giannakopoulos , Aggelos Pikrakis , Yannis Cotronis