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There has not been an established mathematical measure of evidence. Some Bayesians have argued that probability can be an objectively correct measure of ``rational degrees of belief,'' which we do not distinguish from evidence. However,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Christopher D. Fiorillo , Min Sheo Choi , Jaime Gomez-Ramirez

Consider the decision-making setting where agents elect a panel by expressing both positive and negative preferences. Prominently, in constitutional AI, citizens democratically select a slate of ethical preferences on which a foundation…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Sonja Kraiczy , Georgios Papasotiropoulos , Grzegorz Pierczyński , Piotr Skowron

We study a variant of the voter model on a coevolving network in which interactions of two individuals with differing opinions only lead to an agreement on one of these opinions with a fixed probability $q$. Otherwise, with probability…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Raphael Eichhorn , Felix Hermann , Marco Seiler

In this paper, we show that when policy-motivated parties can commit to a particular platform during a uni-dimensional electoral contest where valence issues do not arise there must be a positive association between the policies preferred…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-12-07 Francisco Rodríguez , Eduardo Zambrano

We study the design of voting mechanisms in a binary social choice environment where agents' cardinal valuations are independent but not necessarily identically distributed. The mechanism must be anonymous -- the outcome is invariant to…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-12 Yaron Azrieli , Ritesh Jain , Semin Kim

We consider the notions of agreement, diversity, and polarization in ordinal elections (that is, in elections where voters rank the candidates). While (computational) social choice offers good measures of agreement between the voters, such…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Piotr Faliszewski , Andrzej Kaczmarczyk , Krzysztof Sornat , Stanisław Szufa , Tomasz Wąs

The voter model consists of a set of agents whose opinion is a binary variable. At each time step, an agent along with a social neighbor is selected and the agent imitates the social neighbor at the next time step. In this paper, we study a…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-07-06 Hsin-Lun Li

Classification with abstention has gained a lot of attention in recent years as it allows to incorporate human decision-makers in the process. Yet, abstention can potentially amplify disparities and lead to discriminatory predictions. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-25 Nicolas Schreuder , Evgenii Chzhen

Even though proportional representation is a fundamental goal in multiwinner voting and a plethora of proportionality notions has been introduced, the normative justifications for choosing one notion over another remain poorly understood.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chris Dong , Jannik Peters

A voting rule decides on a probability distribution over a set of m alternatives, based on rankings of those alternatives provided by agents. We assume that agents have cardinal utility functions over the alternatives, but voting rules have…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Soroush Ebadian , Anson Kahng , Dominik Peters , Nisarg Shah

A long line of work in social psychology has studied variations in people's susceptibility to persuasion -- the extent to which they are willing to modify their opinions on a topic. This body of literature suggests an interesting…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Rediet Abebe , T-H. Hubert Chan , Jon Kleinberg , Zhibin Liang , David Parkes , Mauro Sozio , Charalampos E. Tsourakakis

Two main procedures characterize the way in which social actors evaluate the qualities of the options in decision-making processes: they either seek to evaluate their intrinsic qualities (individual learners), or they rely on the opinion of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-07-31 Arkadiusz Jędrzejewski , Laura Hernández

The impossibility theorem in Roth (1982) states that no stable mechanism satisfies strategy-proofness. This paper explores the Machiavellian frontier of stable mechanisms by weakening strategy-proofness. For a fixed mechanism $\varphi$ and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-07-15 Qiufu Chen , Yuanmei Li , Xiaopeng Yin , Luosai Zhang , Siyi Zhou

Revised proofs of Kenneth Arrow's impossibility theorem have been presented in prose form, incorporating novel ideas such as decisive sets and pivotal voters. This study develops another approach to proving the theorem. Using a proof…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-17 Kazuya Yamamoto

In real-world elections where voters cast preference ballots, voters often provide only a partial ranking of the candidates. Despite this empirical reality, prior social choice literature frequently analyzes fairness criteria under the…

General Economics · Economics 2024-08-08 Adam Graham-Squire , Matthew I. Jones , David McCune

Our preferences depend on the circumstances in which we reveal them. We will introduce a dependency which allows us to illustrate the relation between the possibility of winning of particular candidates in a quantum election and the type of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Marcin Makowski , Edward W. Piotrowski

Platforms for online civic participation rely heavily on methods for condensing thousands of comments into a relevant handful, based on whether participants agree or disagree with them. These methods should guarantee fair representation of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Daniel Halpern , Gregory Kehne , Ariel D. Procaccia , Jamie Tucker-Foltz , Manuel Wüthrich

In this work, we develop a formal system of inductive logic. It uses an infinitary language that allows for countable conjunctions and disjunctions. It is based on a set of nine syntactic rules of inductive inference, and contains classical…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Jason Swanson

This paper presents mathematics relevant to the question whether voting should be mandatory. Assuming a static distribution of voters' political beliefs, we model how politicians might adjust their positions to raise their share of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-24 Christoph Börgers , Natasa Dragovic , Anna Haensch , Arkadz Kirshtein , Lilla Orr

We develop new voting mechanisms for the case when voters and candidates are located in an arbitrary unknown metric space, and the goal is to choose a candidate minimizing social cost: the total distance from the voters to this candidate.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Ben Abramowitz , Elliot Anshelevich , Wennan Zhu