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Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) analyzes the autocorrelation function of photons scattered by red blood cells, enabling non-invasive, continuous measurement of deep tissue blood flow at the bedside. Multi-layer DCS models (two- and…

Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) allows the label-free investigation of microvascular dynamics deep within living tissue. However, common implementations of DCS are currently limited to measurement depths of $\sim 1-1.5cm$, which can…

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a noninvasive optical technique that probes microvascular blood flow in deep tissues. Here, we present and validate a new on-chip hardware correlator for high-speed DCS measurements. The correlator…

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is a powerful tool for assessing microvascular hemodynamic in deep tissues. Recent advances in sensors, lasers, and deep learning have further boosted the development of new DCS methods. However,…

Multi-layer diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) models have been developed to reduce the contamination of superficial signals in cerebral blood flow index (CBFi) measurements. However, a systematic comparison of these models and clear…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Mingliang Pan , Quan Wang , Yuanzhe Zhang , David Day-Uei Li

It has been shown that light speckle fluctuations provide a means for noninvasive measurements of cerebral blood flow index (CBFi). While conventional Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) provides marginal brain sensitivity for CBFi in…

The random motion of molecules in living cells has consistently been reported to deviate from standard Brownian motion, a behavior coined as ``anomalous diffusion''. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) is a powerful method to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-18 Nathan Quiblier , Jan-Michael Rye , Pierre Leclerc , Henri Truong , Abdelkrim Hannou , Laurent Héliot , Hugues Berry

Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) is a well-known set of methods to measure the temporal dynamics of dynamic samples. In DWS, dynamic samples scatter the incident coherent light, and the information of the temporal dynamics is encoded in…

Optics · Physics 2024-06-12 Jian Xu , Ali K. Jahromi , Changhuei Yang

Arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI is a noninvasive technique for measuring quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF), but the measurement is subject to a low signal-to-noise-ratio(SNR). Various post-processing methods have been proposed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Danfeng Xie , Li Bai , Ze Wang

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) is widely used to detect and quantify diffusion processes at the molecular level. The molecules of which diffusion is studied are marked with fluorescent dyes. It is commonly maintained that this…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-06-12 Mathias Lechelon , Marco Pettini

Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) is a group of techniques used to measure the dynamics of a scattering medium in a non-invasive manner. DWS methods rely on detecting the speckle light field from the moving scattering media and measuring…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-03 Yu Xi Huang , Simon Mahler , Jerome Mertz , Changhuei Yang

Speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) offers a non-invasive and cost-effective method for monitoring cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, extracting accurate CBF from SCOS necessitates precise noise pre-calibration. Errors from this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Ninghe Liu , Yu Xi Huang , Simon Mahler , Changhuei Yang

We introduce a rapid and precise analytical approach for analyzing cerebral blood flow (CBF) using Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) with the application of the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). Our evaluation of ELM and existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Xi Chen , Zhenya Zang , Xingda Li

Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy (DWS) is an extension of standard dynamic light scattering (DLS), applied to soft materials that are turbid or opaque. The propagation of light is modeled using light diffusion, characterized by a light diffusion…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-15 Manuel Helfer , Chi Zhang , Frank Scheffold

Functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) is a cutting-edge technology that measures changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) by detecting backscattered echoes from red blood cells moving within its field of view (FOV). It offers high…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-20 Jared Deighton , Shan Zhong , Kofi Agyeman , Wooseong Choi , Charles Liu , Darrin Lee , Vasileios Maroulas , Vasileios Christopoulos

Significance: Diffuse in-vivo Flow Cytometry (DiFC) is an emerging fluorescence sensing method to non-invasively detect labeled circulating cells in-vivo. However, due to Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) constraints largely attributed to…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-08-04 Giles Blaney , Fernando Ivich , Angelo Sassaroli , Mark Niedre , Sergio Fantini

Diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) can be employed as an optical rheology tool with numerous applications for studying the structure, dynamics and linear viscoelastic properties of complex fluids, foams, glasses and gels. To carry out DWS…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-11-06 Chi Zhang , Mathias Reufer , Danila Gaudino , Frank Scheffold

Super-resolution is widely used in medical imaging to enhance low-quality data, reducing scan time and improving abnormality detection. Conventional super-resolution approaches typically rely on paired datasets of downsampled and original…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Xiaoyi Wen , Fei Jiang

Denoising diffusion models (DDM) have gained recent traction in medical image translation given improved training stability over adversarial models. DDMs learn a multi-step denoising transformation to progressively map random Gaussian-noise…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-14 Fuat Arslan , Bilal Kabas , Onat Dalmaz , Muzaffer Ozbey , Tolga Çukur

Diffusion models (DMs) have emerged as powerful tools for modeling complex data distributions and generating realistic new samples. Over the years, advanced architectures and sampling methods have been developed to make these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Roi Benita , Michael Elad , Joseph Keshet
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