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Reinforcement Learning (RL) bears the promise of being a game-changer in many applications. However, since most of the literature in the field is currently focused on opaque models, the use of RL in high-stakes scenarios, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Leonardo Lucio Custode , Giovanni Iacca

Achieving cooperation among self-interested agents remains a fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning. Recent work showed that mutual cooperation can be induced between "learning-aware" agents that account for and shape…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a prevalent learning paradigm for solving stochastic games. In most MARL studies, agents in a game are defined as teammates or enemies beforehand, and the relationships among the agents remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Shijie Han , Siyuan Li , Bo An , Wei Zhao , Peng Liu

Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) have been used to solve complex problems that demand intelligent agents working together to reach the desired goals. These Agents should effectively synchronize their individual behaviors so that they can act as a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Marco A. C. Simões , Robson Marinho da Silva , Tatiane Nogueira

Model-based Reinforcement Learning approaches have the promise of being sample efficient. Much of the progress in learning dynamics models in RL has been made by learning models via supervised learning. But traditional model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Shagun Sodhani , Anirudh Goyal , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio , Sergey Levine , Jian Tang

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models and vision-languageaction models have significantly driven progress in Embodied AI. As the field transitions toward more complex task scenarios, multi-agent system frameworks are…

The empirical success of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has motivated the search for more efficient and scalable algorithms for large scale multi-agent systems. However, existing state-of-the-art algorithms do not fully exploit…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shahbaz P Qadri Syed , He Bai

Causal reasoning is increasingly used in Reinforcement Learning (RL) to improve the learning process in several dimensions: efficacy of learned policies, efficiency of convergence, generalisation capabilities, safety and interpretability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Giovanni Briglia , Stefano Mariani , Franco Zambonelli

To promote cooperation and strengthen the individual impact on the collective outcome in social dilemmas, we propose the Environmental-impact Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (EMuReL) method where each agent estimates the "environmental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Farinaz Alamiyan-Harandi , Pouria Ramazi

We tackle the problem of cooperative visual exploration where multiple agents need to jointly explore unseen regions as fast as possible based on visual signals. Classical planning-based methods often suffer from expensive computation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Chao Yu , Xinyi Yang , Jiaxuan Gao , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang , Yi Wu

The competitive and cooperative forces of natural selection have driven the evolution of intelligence for millions of years, culminating in nature's vast biodiversity and the complexity of human minds. Inspired by this process, we propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Andries Rosseau , Raphaël Avalos , Ann Nowé

Imitation learning in a high-dimensional environment is challenging. Most inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) methods fail to outperform the demonstrator in such a high-dimensional environment, e.g., Atari domain. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Xingrui Yu , Yueming Lyu , Ivor W. Tsang

For living beings, survival depends on effective regulation of internal physiological states through motivated behaviors. In this perspective we propose that Homeostatically Regulated Reinforcement Learning (HRRL) as a framework to describe…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-08 Naoto Yoshida , Henning Sprekeler , Boris Gutkin

On-screen learning behavior provides valuable insights into how students seek, use, and create information during learning. Analyzing on-screen behavioral engagement is essential for capturing students' cognitive and collaborative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Likai Peng , Shihui Feng

We explore deep reinforcement learning methods for multi-agent domains. We begin by analyzing the difficulty of traditional algorithms in the multi-agent case: Q-learning is challenged by an inherent non-stationarity of the environment,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Ryan Lowe , Yi Wu , Aviv Tamar , Jean Harb , Pieter Abbeel , Igor Mordatch

Training agents in multi-agent competitive games presents significant challenges due to their intricate nature. These challenges are exacerbated by dynamics influenced not only by the environment but also by opponents' strategies. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 The Viet Bui , Tien Mai , Thanh Hong Nguyen

Solving tasks with sparse rewards is one of the most important challenges in reinforcement learning. In the single-agent setting, this challenge is addressed by introducing intrinsic rewards that motivate agents to explore unseen regions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Shariq Iqbal , Fei Sha

Efficient exploration in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a challenging problem when receiving only a team reward, especially in environments with sparse rewards. A powerful method to mitigate this issue involves crafting dense…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Xuefei Wu , Xiao Yin , Yuanyang Zhu , Chunlin Chen

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) problems often encounter the challenge of sparse rewards. This challenge becomes even more pronounced when coordination among agents is necessary. As performance depends not only on one…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Maxime Toquebiau , Nicolas Bredeche , Faïz Benamar , Jae-Yun Jun

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmarks commonly emphasize aggregate outcomes such as return, success rate, or completion time. While essential, these metrics often fail to reveal how agents coordinate, particularly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Maria Ana Cardei , Matthew Landers , Afsaneh Doryab