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Quantum computing testbeds exhibit high-fidelity quantum control over small collections of qubits, enabling performance of precise, repeatable operations followed by measurements. Currently, these noisy intermediate-scale devices can…

One of the outstanding challenges in contemporary science and technology is building a quantum computer that is useful in applications. By starting from an estimate of the algorithm success rate, we can explicitly connect gate fidelity to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 R. Barends , F. K. Wilhelm

Variational hybrid quantum-classical optimization represents one of the most promising avenue to show the advantage of nowadays noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers in solving hard problems, such as finding the minimum-energy state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Laura Gentini , Alessandro Cuccoli , Stefano Pirandola , Paola Verrucchi , Leonardo Banchi

Noise is the central obstacle to building large-scale quantum computers. Quantum systems with sufficiently uncorrelated and weak noise could be used to solve computational problems that are intractable with current digital computers. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-19 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia , Joel J. Wallman

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ), variational quantum circuits (VQCs) have been widely applied in various domains, demonstrating the potential advantages of quantum circuits over classical models. Similar to classic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Jun Zhuang , Jack Cunningham , Chaowen Guan

Today's experimental noisy quantum processors can compete with and surpass all known algorithms on state-of-the-art supercomputers for the computational benchmark task of Random Circuit Sampling [1-5]. Additionally, a circuit-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-22 K. Kechedzhi , S. V. Isakov , S. Mandrà , B. Villalonga , X. Mi , S. Boixo , V. Smelyanskiy

We review two algorithmic advances that bring us closer to reliable quantum simulations of model systems in high energy physics and beyond on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The first method is the dimensional expressivity…

In the absence of error correction, noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices are operated by training parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) so as to minimize a suitable loss function. Finding the optimal parameters of those circuits is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Iosif Sakos , Antonios Varvitsiotis , Georgios Korpas , Wayne Lin

The key challenge in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era is finding useful circuits compatible with current device limitations. Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer a potential solution by fixing the circuit architecture and…

Instabilities due to extrinsic interference are routinely faced in systems engineering, and a common solution is to rely on a broad class of $\textit{filtering}$ techniques in order to afford stability to intrinsically unstable systems. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 A. Soare , H. Ball , D. Hayes , J. Sastrawan , M. C. Jarratt , J. J. McLoughlin , X. Zhen , T. J. Green , M. J. Biercuk

Quantum computer emulators model the behavior and error rates of specific quantum processors. Without accurate noise models in these emulators, it is challenging for users to optimize and debug executable quantum programs prior to running…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Matthew Ho , Jun Yong Khoo , Adrian M. Mak , Stefano Carrazza

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQA) have emerged with a wide variety of applications. One question to ask is either they can efficiently be implemented and executed on existing architectures. Current hardware suffers from uncontrolled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 Anne-Solène Bornens , Michel Nowak

Variational quantum compiling (VQC) algorithms aim to approximate deep quantum circuits with shallow parameterized ansatzes, making them more suitable for NISQ hardware. In this article a variant of VQC named the recursive variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Stian Bilek , Kristian Wold

The effective use of current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices is often limited by the noise which is caused by interaction with the environment and affects the fidelity of quantum gates. In transmon qubit systems, the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Elisha Siddiqui Matekole , Yao-Lung L. Fang , Meifeng Lin

Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs) are among the most promising quantum algorithms for solving electronic structure problems in quantum chemistry, particularly during the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. In this study, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Abel Carreras , David Casanova , Román Orús

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a promising algorithm for demonstrating quantum advantage in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. However, optimizing VQE from random initial starting parameters is challenging due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-20 Abid Khan , Bryan K. Clark , Norm M. Tubman

In theory, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum physics, factor large numbers and estimate integrals, thus solving otherwise intractable computational problems. In practice, quantum computers must operate with noisy devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. Knill

Quantum computing is transitioning from experimental prototypes to commercially available turnkey systems, making architecture-agnostic performance metrics essential for cross-platform comparison. Peaked Random Circuits (PRCs) have recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Martin Brieger , Florian Krötz , Minh Chung , Dieter Kranzlmüller

Despite rapid advances in quantum hardware, noise remains a central obstacle to deploying quantum algorithms on near-term devices. In particular, random coherent errors that accumulate during circuit execution constitute a dominant and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Suying Liu , Yulong Dong , Dong An , Murphy Yuezhen Niu

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices offer unique platforms to test and evaluate the behavior of non-fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, validating programs on NISQ devices is difficult due to fluctuations in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-10 Megan L. Dahlhauser , Travis S. Humble