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Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a privacy-preserving paradigm that trains neural networks on edge devices without collecting data at a central server. However, FL encounters an inherent challenge in dealing with non-independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Zijian Li , Yuchang Sun , Jiawei Shao , Yuyi Mao , Jessie Hui Wang , Jun Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is a paradigm where many clients collaboratively train a model under the coordination of a central server, while keeping the training data locally stored. However, heterogeneous data distributions over different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Yaqi Sun , Shijing Si , Jianzong Wang , Yuhan Dong , Zhitao Zhu , Jing Xiao

Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training across decentralized clients, but most methods assume aligned feature schemas, an assumption that rarely holds in tabular settings where clients observe only partially overlapping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Imane Hocine , Chaimaa Medjadji , Sylvain Kubler , Gregoire Danoy , Yves Le Traon

The practical deployment of Federated Learning (FL) on resource-constrained devices is fundamentally limited by the high cost of training large models and the instability caused by heterogeneous (non-IID) client data. Conventional pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Christian Internò , Elena Raponi , Markus Olhofer , Ali Raza , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein , Yaochu Jin , Barbara Hammer

Federated learning (FL) systems typically employ stateless client selection, treating each communication round independently and ignoring accumulated evidence of client contribution quality. Under non-IID data, this leads to slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mohamed Lakas , Mohamed Amine Ferrag

Federated learning (FL) is a promising paradigm that enables collaboratively learning a shared model across massive clients while keeping the training data locally. However, for many existing FL systems, clients need to frequently exchange…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Qiong Wu , Xu Chen , Tao Ouyang , Zhi Zhou , Xiaoxi Zhang , Shusen Yang , Junshan Zhang

Federated Learning is emerging as a privacy-preserving model training approach in distributed edge applications. As such, most edge deployments are heterogeneous in nature i.e., their sensing capabilities and environments vary across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Khotso Selialia , Yasra Chandio , Fatima M. Anwar

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without sharing raw user data, but conventional simulations often rely on unrealistic data partitioning and current user selection methods ignore data correlation among users. To…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Ce Zheng , Shiyao Ma , Ke Zhang , Chen Sun , Wenqi Zhang

Current federated-learning models deteriorate under heterogeneous (non-I.I.D.) client data, as their feature representations diverge and pixel- or patch-level objectives fail to capture the global topology which is essential for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ke Hu , Liyao Xiang , Peng Tang , Weidong Qiu

As a promising learning paradigm integrating computation and communication, federated learning (FL) proceeds the local training and the periodic sharing from distributed clients. Due to the non-i.i.d. data distribution on clients, FL model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Zheqi Zhu , Yuchen Shi , Pingyi Fan , Chenghui Peng , Khaled B. Letaief

Deep neural networks have shown the ability to extract universal feature representations from data such as images and text that have been useful for a variety of learning tasks. However, the fruits of representation learning have yet to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Liam Collins , Hamed Hassani , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Federated Learning (FL) is designed as a decentralized, privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm that enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing their data. In real-world scenarios, however, clients often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Maulidi Adi Prasetia , Muhamad Risqi U. Saputra , Guntur Dharma Putra

Federated Learning (FL) confronts a significant challenge known as data heterogeneity, which impairs model performance and convergence. Existing methods have made notable progress in addressing this issue. However, improving performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Zhiqin Yang , Yonggang Zhang , Chenxin Li , Yiu-ming Cheung , Bo Han , Yixuan Yuan

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model while keeping local data decentralized. Data heterogeneity (non-IID) across clients has imposed significant challenges to FL, which makes local models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuting He , Yiqiang Chen , XiaoDong Yang , Hanchao Yu , Yi-Hua Huang , Yang Gu

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach to learn models on decentralized heterogeneous data, without the need for clients to share their data. Many existing FL approaches assume that all clients have equal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Aditya Narayan Ravi , Ilan Shomorony

The performance of Federated Learning (FL) hinges on the effectiveness of utilizing knowledge from distributed datasets. Traditional FL methods adopt an aggregate-then-adapt framework, where clients update local models based on a global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yuan Wang , Huazhu Fu , Renuga Kanagavelu , Qingsong Wei , Yong Liu , Rick Siow Mong Goh

We present a federated learning approach for learning a client adaptable, robust model when data is non-identically and non-independently distributed (non-IID) across clients. By simulating heterogeneous clients, we show that adding learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Laura Rieger , Rasmus M. Th. Høegh , Lars K. Hansen

Federated learning has emerged as an important distributed learning paradigm, where a server aggregates a global model from many client-trained models while having no access to the client data. Although it is recognized that statistical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Weituo Hao , Mostafa El-Khamy , Jungwon Lee , Jianyi Zhang , Kevin J Liang , Changyou Chen , Lawrence Carin

The proliferation of edge devices has brought Federated Learning (FL) to the forefront as a promising paradigm for decentralized and collaborative model training while preserving the privacy of clients' data. However, FL struggles with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Mahdi Morafah , Matthias Reisser , Bill Lin , Christos Louizos