Related papers: The miracle of integer eigenvalues

We define a magic square to be a square matrix whose entries are nonnegative integers and whose rows, columns, and main diagonals sum up to the same number. We prove structural results for the number of such squares as a function of the…

A novel kind of self-referential square matrix is introduced. A certain subset of the matrix entries record the frequencies of occurrence of each distinct number appearing within the entire matrix. Such squares are necessarily elusive. Our…

Random matrices arise in many mathematical contexts, and it is natural to ask about the properties that such matrices satisfy. If we choose a matrix with integer entries at random, for example, what is the probability that it will have a…

Let $m,n>1$ be integers and $\mathbb{P}_{n,m}$ be the point set of the projective $(n-1)$-space (defined by [2]) over the ring $\mathbb{Z}_m$of integers modulo $m$. Let $A_{n,m}=(a_{uv})$ be the matrix with rows and columns being labeled by…

The Google matrix is a positive, column-stochastic matrix that is used to compute the pagerank of all the web pages on the Internet: the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue 1 is the pagerank vector. Due to its huge dimension, of the…

It is shown that Pythagorean triples can be used to generate matrices that have integer eigenvalues for all permutations of their coefficients, via simple formulas. For example, each and every permutation of the $2\times2$ matrix…

In this paper we bring to light an unprecedented property of the eigenvalues of a matrix A with the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a submatrix of A. This property can be used, through the technique developed here, to determine some of…

Let M be an arbitrary Hermitian matrix of order n, and k be a positive integer less than or equal to n. We show that if k is large, the distribution of eigenvalues on the real line is almost the same for almost all principal submatrices of…

Let $M$ be the $n$-square matrix partitioned into $\ell^2$ blocks $b_{ij}$ according to some partition $P=\{C_{1},\dots,C_{\ell}\}$ of index set $\{1,\dots,n\}$. The quotient matrix $Q=(q_{ij})$ is a $k$-square matrix, with $\ell \leq k…

When doubly-affine matrices such as Latin and magic squares with a single non-zero eigenvalue are powered up they become constant matrices after a few steps. The process of compounding squares of orders m and n can then be used to generate…

One partially ordered set, $Q$, is a Tukey quotient of another, $P$, denoted $P \geq_T Q$, if there is a map $\phi : P \to Q$ carrying cofinal sets of $P$ to cofinal sets of $Q$. Let $X$ be a space and denote by $\mathcal{K}(X)$ the set of…

Let the columns of a $p \times q$ matrix $M$ over any ring be partitioned into $n$ blocks, $M = [M_1, ..., M_n]$. If no $p \times p$ submatrix of $M$ with columns from distinct blocks $M_i$ is invertible, then there is an invertible $p…

A magic square of order n is an nxn square (matrix) whose entries are distinct nonnegative integers such that the sum of the numbers of any row and column is the same number, the magic constant. In this paper we introduce the concept of…

In a previous paper, we have given an algebraic model to the set of intervals. Here, we apply this model in a linear frame. We define a notion of diagonalization of square matrices whose coefficients are intervals. But in this case, with…

A semiring is uniserial if its ideals are totally ordered by inclusion. First, we show that a semiring $S$ is uniserial if and only if the matrix semiring $M_n(S)$ is uniserial. As a generalization of valuation semirings, we also…

Given an integral domain A we consider the set of all integral elements over A that can occur as an eigenvalue of a symmetric matrix over A. We give a sufficient criterion for being such an element. In the case where A is the ring of…

The distributions of the smallest and largest eigenvalues for the matrix product $Z^\dagger Z$, where $Z$ is an $n \times m$ complex Gaussian matrix with correlations both along rows and down columns, are expressed as $m \times m$…

This paper establishes that every positive-definite matrix can be written as a positive linear combination of outer products of integer-valued vectors whose entries are bounded by the geometric mean of the condition number and the dimension…

Here we contribute a fast symbolic eigenvalue solver for matrices whose eigenvalues are $\mathbb{Z}$-linear combinations of their entries, alongside efficient general and stochastic $M^{X}$ generators. Users can interact with a few degrees…

For a fixed $n\ge2$, consider an $n\times n$ matrix $M$ whose entries are random integers bounded by $k$ in absolute value. In this paper, we examine the probability that $M$ is singular (hence has eigenvalue 0), and the probability that…