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Related papers: Watermark Text Pattern Spotting in Document Images

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Benchmark contamination poses a significant challenge to the reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs) evaluations, as it is difficult to assert whether a model has been trained on a test set. We introduce a solution to this problem by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Tom Sander , Pierre Fernandez , Saeed Mahloujifar , Alain Durmus , Chuan Guo

A generative AI model can generate extremely realistic-looking content, posing growing challenges to the authenticity of information. To address the challenges, watermark has been leveraged to detect AI-generated content. Specifically, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Zhengyuan Jiang , Jinghuai Zhang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

A new approach to linguistic watermarking of language models is presented in which information is imperceptibly inserted into the output text while preserving its readability and original meaning. A cross-attention mechanism is used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Folco Bertini Baldassini , Huy H. Nguyen , Ching-Chung Chang , Isao Echizen

Existing scene text spotting (i.e., end-to-end text detection and recognition) methods rely on costly bounding box annotations (e.g., text-line, word-level, or character-level bounding boxes). For the first time, we demonstrate that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Dezhi Peng , Xinyu Wang , Yuliang Liu , Jiaxin Zhang , Mingxin Huang , Songxuan Lai , Shenggao Zhu , Jing Li , Dahua Lin , Chunhua Shen , Xiang Bai , Lianwen Jin

Text watermarking technology aims to tag and identify content produced by large language models (LLMs) to prevent misuse. In this study, we introduce the concept of cross-lingual consistency in text watermarking, which assesses the ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zhiwei He , Binglin Zhou , Hongkun Hao , Aiwei Liu , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang

The indistinguishability of AI-generated content from human text raises challenges in transparency and accountability. While several methods exist to watermark models behind APIs, embedding watermark strategies directly into model weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Fay Elhassan , Niccolò Ajroldi , Antonio Orvieto , Jonas Geiping

Diffusion models (DMs) have demonstrated advantageous potential on generative tasks. Widespread interest exists in incorporating DMs into downstream applications, such as producing or editing photorealistic images. However, practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yunqing Zhao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Xiao Yang , Ngai-Man Cheung , Min Lin

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performances in various NLP tasks. They can generate texts that are indistinguishable from those written by humans. Such remarkable performance of LLMs increases their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuki Takezawa , Ryoma Sato , Han Bao , Kenta Niwa , Makoto Yamada

Current image watermarking technologies are predominantly categorized into text watermarking techniques and image steganography; however, few methods can simultaneously handle text and image-based watermark data, which limits their…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-06-03 ZhongLi Fang , Yu Xie , Ping Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various applications, including text generation and complex tasks. However, the misuse of LLMs raises concerns about the authenticity and ethical implications of the content they produce, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zesen Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Qi Li

Recent advances in large language models have raised wide concern in generating abundant plausible source code without scrutiny, and thus tracing the provenance of code emerges as a critical issue. To solve the issue, we propose CodeMark, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Wei Li , Borui Yang , Yujie Sun , Suyu Chen , Ziyun Song , Liyao Xiang , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Due to the wide distribution and usage of digital media, an important issue is protection of the digital content. There is a number of algorithms and techniques developed for the digital watermarking.In this paper, the invisible image…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-02-09 Jelena Music , Ivan Knezevic , Edis Franca

Text spotting in natural scene images is of great importance for many image understanding tasks. It includes two sub-tasks: text detection and recognition. In this work, we propose a unified network that simultaneously localizes and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Peng Wang , Hui Li , Chunhua Shen

Text watermarking algorithms are crucial for protecting the copyright of textual content. Historically, their capabilities and application scenarios were limited. However, recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Aiwei Liu , Leyi Pan , Yijian Lu , Jingjing Li , Xuming Hu , Xi Zhang , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Hui Xiong , Philip S. Yu

Recent approaches for end-to-end text spotting have achieved promising results. However, most of the current spotters were plagued by the inconsistency problem between text detection and recognition. In this work, we introduce and prove the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Humen Zhong , Jun Tang , Wenhai Wang , Zhibo Yang , Cong Yao , Tong Lu

The effectiveness of watermark algorithms in AI-generated text identification has garnered significant attention. Concurrently, an increasing number of watermark algorithms have been proposed to enhance the robustness against various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xianheng Feng , Jian Liu , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

Watermarking has recently emerged as a crucial tool for protecting the intellectual property of generative models and for distinguishing AI-generated content from human-generated data. Despite its practical success, most existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-08 Hengzhi He , Shirong Xu , Alexander Nemecek , Jiping Li , Erman Ayday , Guang Cheng

The rapid progress of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has enabled the effortless synthesis of high-quality visual content, while simultaneously raising pressing concerns about intellectual property protection, authenticity, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jie Cao , Qi Li , Zelin Zhang , Jianbing Ni , Rongxing Lu

Image watermarking involves embedding and extracting watermarks within a cover image, with deep learning approaches emerging to bolster generalization and robustness. Predominantly, current methods employ convolution and concatenation for…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Agnibh Dasgupta , Xin Zhong

Digital watermarking is essential for securing generated images from diffusion models. Accurate watermark evaluation is critical for algorithm development, yet existing methods have significant limitations: they lack a unified framework for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zijin Yang , Yu Sun , Kejiang Chen , Jiawei Zhao , Jun Jiang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu