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This paper addresses policy learning in non-stationary environments and games with continuous actions. Rather than the classical reward maximization mechanism, inspired by the ideas of follow-the-regularized-leader (FTRL) and mirror descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Rong-Jun Qin , Fan-Ming Luo , Hong Qian , Yang Yu

We study multi-player general-sum Markov games with one of the players designated as the leader and the other players regarded as followers. In particular, we focus on the class of games where the followers are myopic, i.e., they aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Han Zhong , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Michael I. Jordan

No-regret learning dynamics play a central role in game theory, enabling decentralized convergence to equilibrium for concepts such as Coarse Correlated Equilibrium (CCE) or Correlated Equilibrium (CE). In this work, we improve the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Asrin Efe Yorulmaz , Tamer Başar

The increasing prevalence of multi-agent learning systems in society necessitates understanding how to learn effective and safe policies in general-sum multi-agent environments against a variety of opponents, including self-play.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Jake Levi , Chris Lu , Timon Willi , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Jakob Foerster

This paper proposes a new equilibrium concept "robust perfect equilibrium" for non-cooperative games with a continuum of players, incorporating three types of perturbations. Such an equilibrium is shown to exist (in symmetric mixed…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-05-06 Enxian Chen , Lei Qiao , Xiang Sun , Yeneng Sun

This paper introduces a consensus-based generalized multi-population aggregative game coordination approach with application to electric vehicles charging under transmission line constraints. The algorithm enables agents to seek an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-19 Mahsa Ghavami , Babak Ghaffarzadeh Bakhshayesh , Mohammad Haeri , Giacomo Como , Hamed Kebriaei

Zero-shot coordination(ZSC), a key challenge in multi-agent game theory, has become a hot topic in reinforcement learning (RL) research recently, especially in complex evolving games. It focuses on the generalization ability of agents,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Bingyu Hui , Lebin Yu , Quanming Yao , Yunpeng Qu , Xudong Zhang , Jian Wang

There have been extensive studies on learning in zero-sum games, focusing on the analysis of the existence and algorithmic convergence of Nash equilibrium (NE). Existing studies mainly focus on symmetric games where the strategy spaces of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yuheng Li , Panpan Wang , Haipeng Chen

In this paper, we consider both finite and infinite horizon discounted dynamic mean-field games where there is a large population of homogeneous players sequentially making strategic decisions and each player is affected by other players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Deepanshu Vasal

When solving two-player zero-sum games, multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms often create populations of agents where, at each iteration, a new agent is discovered as the best response to a mixture over the opponent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Xidong Feng , Oliver Slumbers , Ziyu Wan , Bo Liu , Stephen McAleer , Ying Wen , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Mean Field Games (MFGs) have the ability to handle large-scale multi-agent systems, but learning Nash equilibria in MFGs remains a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm that achieves…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Zida Wu , Mathieu Lauriere , Samuel Jia Cong Chua , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Ankur Mehta

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has made substantial empirical progresses in solving games with a large number of players. However, theoretically, the best known sample complexity for finding a Nash equilibrium in general-sum games…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Ziang Song , Song Mei , Yu Bai

In this paper, we present the Role Playing Learning (RPL) scheme for a mobile robot to navigate socially with its human companion in populated environments. Neural networks (NN) are constructed to parameterize a stochastic policy that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Mingming Li , Rui Jiang , Shuzhi Sam Ge , Tong Heng Lee

Mean Field Games (MFGs) offer a powerful framework for studying large-scale multi-agent systems. Yet, learning Nash equilibria in MFGs remains a challenging problem, particularly when the initial distribution is unknown or when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Zida Wu , Mathieu Lauriere , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Ankur Mehta

Solution concepts such as Nash Equilibria, Correlated Equilibria, and Coarse Correlated Equilibria are useful components for many multiagent machine learning algorithms. Unfortunately, solving a normal-form game could take prohibitive or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Luke Marris , Ian Gemp , Thomas Anthony , Andrea Tacchetti , Siqi Liu , Karl Tuyls

We explore the use of policy approximations to reduce the computational cost of learning Nash equilibria in zero-sum stochastic games. We propose a new Q-learning type algorithm that uses a sequence of entropy-regularized soft policies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Yue Guan , Qifan Zhang , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Empirical game-theoretic analysis (EGTA) is primarily focused on learning the equilibria of simulation-based games. Recent approaches have tackled this problem by learning a uniform approximation of the game's utilities, and then applying…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Cyrus Cousins , Bhaskar Mishra , Enrique Areyan Viqueira , Amy Greenwald

In many real-world large-scale decision problems, self-interested agents have individual dynamics and optimize their own long-term payoffs. Important examples include the competitive access to shared resources (e.g., roads, energy, or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-05 Ezzat Elokda , Saverio Bolognani , Andrea Censi , Florian Dörfler , Emilio Frazzoli

In last decades optimization and control of complex systems that possessed various conflicted objectives simultaneously attracted an incremental interest of scientists. This is because of the vast applications of these systems in various…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-12-17 Ahmad Mozaffari , Alireza Fathi

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has mostly focused on learning policies, typically neural networks, that operate on a single candidate solution at a time, either by constructing one from scratch or iteratively improving it. In…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Andoni Irazusta Garmendia , Josu Ceberio , Alexander Mendiburu