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Large language models (LLMs) achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they face challenges in managing long documents and extended conversations, due to significantly increased computational requirements, both in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yucheng Li , Bo Dong , Chenghua Lin , Frank Guerin

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language processing tasks but pose significant computational and memory challenges for edge deployment due to their intensive resource demands. This work addresses the efficiency of LLM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Zhican Wang , Hongxiang Fan , Haroon Waris , Gang Wang , Zhenyu Li , Jianfei Jiang , Yanan Sun , Guanghui He

Handling long-context sequences efficiently remains a significant challenge in large language models (LLMs). Existing methods for token selection in sequence extrapolation either employ a permanent eviction strategy or select tokens by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Haoyu Wang , Tong Teng , Tianyu Guo , An Xiao , Duyu Tang , Hanting Chen , Yunhe Wang

Huge memory consumption has been a major bottleneck for deploying high-throughput large language models in real-world applications. In addition to the large number of parameters, the key-value (KV) cache for the attention mechanism in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Haoyi Wu , Kewei Tu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are plagued by exorbitant inference costs attributable to the profusion of visual tokens within the vision encoder. The redundant visual tokens engenders a substantial computational load and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiedong Zhuang , Lu Lu , Ming Dai , Rui Hu , Jian Chen , Qiang Liu , Haoji Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have ignited an innovative surge of AI applications, marking a new era of exciting possibilities equipped with extended context windows. However, hosting these models is cost-prohibitive mainly due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Yilong Chen , Guoxia Wang , Junyuan Shang , Shiyao Cui , Zhenyu Zhang , Tingwen Liu , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Dianhai Yu , Hua Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive accomplishments in recent years. However, the increasing memory consumption of KV cache has possessed a significant challenge to the inference system. Eviction methods have revealed the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Zicong Tang , Shi Luohe , Zuchao Li , Baoyuan Qi , Guoming Liu , Lefei Zhang , Ping Wang

A practical large language model (LLM) service may involve a long system prompt, which specifies the instructions, examples, and knowledge documents of the task and is reused across requests. However, the long system prompt causes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Lei Zhu , Xinjiang Wang , Wayne Zhang , Rynson W. H. Lau

This paper examines memory mechanisms in Large Language Models (LLMs), emphasizing their importance for context-rich responses, reduced hallucinations, and improved efficiency. It categorizes memory into sensory, short-term, and long-term,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Lianlei Shan , Shixian Luo , Zezhou Zhu , Yu Yuan , Yong Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a cornerstone in real-world applications with lengthy streaming inputs (e.g., LLM-driven agents). However, existing LLMs, pre-trained on sequences with a restricted maximum length, cannot process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chaojun Xiao , Pengle Zhang , Xu Han , Guangxuan Xiao , Yankai Lin , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

As the demand for long-context large language models (LLMs) increases, models with context windows of up to 128K or 1M tokens are becoming increasingly prevalent. However, long-context LLM inference is challenging since the inference speed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Jiaming Tang , Yilong Zhao , Kan Zhu , Guangxuan Xiao , Baris Kasikci , Song Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling long context inputs, but this comes at the cost of increased computational resources and latency. Our research introduces a novel approach for the long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zhenmei Shi , Yifei Ming , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Yingyu Liang , Shafiq Joty

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter significant performance bottlenecks in long-sequence tasks due to the computational complexity and memory overhead inherent in the self-attention mechanism. To address these challenges, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ziming Wang , Xiang Wang , Kailong Peng , Lang Qin , Juan Gabriel Kostelec , Christos Sourmpis , Axel Laborieux , Qinghai Guo

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to help Large Language Models (LLMs) to process tasks involving long documents. However, existing retrieval models are not designed for long document retrieval and fail to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 David Jiahao Fu , Lam Thanh Do , Jiayu Li , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

While long context support of large language models has extended their abilities, it also incurs challenges in memory and compute which becomes crucial bottlenecks in resource-restricted devices. Token eviction, a widely adopted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raghavv Goel , Junyoung Park , Mukul Gagrani , Dalton Jones , Matthew Morse , Harper Langston , Mingu Lee , Chris Lott

With reasoning becoming the generative paradigm for large language models (LLMs), the memory bottleneck caused by KV cache during the decoding phase has become a critical factor limiting high-concurrency service. Although existing KV cache…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mengqi Liao , Lu Wang , Chaoyun Zhang , Bo Qiao , Si Qin , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Huaiyu Wan

Interacting with humans through multi-turn conversations is a fundamental feature of large language models (LLMs). However, existing LLM serving engines executing multi-turn conversations are inefficient due to the need to repeatedly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Bin Gao , Zhuomin He , Puru Sharma , Qingxuan Kang , Djordje Jevdjic , Junbo Deng , Xingkun Yang , Zhou Yu , Pengfei Zuo

Large language model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in short-text contexts but often underperform in extended dialogues due to inefficient memory management. Existing approaches face a fundamental trade-off between efficiency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xiaochen Zhao , Kaikai Wang , Xiaowen Zhang , Chen Yao , Aili Wang

Built upon the existing analysis of retrieval heads in large language models, we propose an alternative reranking framework that trains models to estimate passage-query relevance using the attention scores of selected heads. This approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuqing Li , Jiangnan Li , Mo Yu , Guoxuan Ding , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance in generative tasks but also introduce significant challenges in real-world serving due to inefficient use of the expensive, computation-optimized accelerators.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shaoyuan Chen , Wencong Xiao , Yutong Lin , Mingxing Zhang , Yingdi Shan , Jinlei Jiang , Kang Chen , Yongwei Wu