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Multi-label text classification (MLC) is a challenging task in settings of large label sets, where label support follows a Zipfian distribution. In this paper, we address this problem through retrieval augmentation, aiming to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ilias Chalkidis , Yova Kementchedjhieva

The widely used retrieve-and-rerank pipeline faces two critical limitations: they are constrained by the initial retrieval quality of the top-k documents, and the growing computational demands of LLM-based rerankers restrict the number of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haike Xu , Tong Chen

Domain-specific synonyms occur in many specialized search tasks, such as when searching medical documents, legal documents, and software engineering artifacts. We replicate prior work on ranking domain-specific synonyms in the consumer…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Andrew Yates , Michael Unterkalmsteiner

In community question answering (cQA) platforms like Stack Overflow, related question retrieval is recognized as a fundamental task that allows users to retrieve related questions to answer user queries automatically. Although many…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xiao Ao , Jie Zou , Yibiao Wei , Peng Wang , Weikang Guo

Traditional information retrieval (such as that offered by web search engines) impedes users with information overload from extensive result pages and the need to manually locate the desired information therein. Conversely,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Bernhard Kratzwald , Stefan Feuerriegel

Retrieval-augmented generation is increasingly used for financial question answering over long regulatory filings, yet reliability depends on retrieving the exact context needed to justify answers in high stakes settings. We study a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Amine Kobeissi , Philippe Langlais

Open-domain questions are likely to be open-ended and ambiguous, leading to multiple valid answers. Existing approaches typically adopt the rerank-then-read framework, where a reader reads top-ranking evidence to predict answers. According…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Zhihong Shao , Minlie Huang

Legal retrieval techniques play an important role in preserving the fairness and equality of the judicial system. As an annually well-known international competition, COLIEE aims to advance the development of state-of-the-art retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Haitao Li , You Chen , Zhekai Ge , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Quan Zhou , Shuai Huo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for question answering typically retrieve evidence by semantic similarity between the query and document chunks. While effective for unstructured text, this approach is less reliable on…

This work addresses the challenge of capturing the complexities of legal knowledge by proposing a multi-layered embedding-based retrieval method for legal and legislative texts. Creating embeddings not only for individual articles but also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 João Alberto de Oliveira Lima

Long-form question answering (LFQA) aims at generating in-depth answers to end-user questions, providing relevant information beyond the direct answer. However, existing retrievers are typically optimized towards information that directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Philipp Christmann , Svitlana Vakulenko , Ionut Teodor Sorodoc , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating up-to-date external knowledge, yet real-world web environments present unique challenges. These limitations manifest as two key challenges: pervasive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuqin Dai , Shuo Yang , Guoqing Wang , Yong Deng , Zhanwei Zhang , Jun Yin , Pengyu Zeng , Zhenzhe Ying , Changhua Meng , Can Yi , Yuchen Zhou , Weiqiang Wang , Shuai Lu

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires systems to iteratively retrieve evidence and reason across multiple hops. While recent RAG and agentic methods report strong results, the underlying retrieval--reasoning \emph{process} is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelyu Ji , Zhuochun Li , Rui Meng , Daqing He

Large language models are transitioning from generalpurpose knowledge engines to realworld problem solvers, yet optimizing them for deep search tasks remains challenging. The central bottleneck lies in the extreme sparsity of highquality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zheng Chu , Xiao Wang , Jack Hong , Huiming Fan , Yuqi Huang , Yue Yang , Guohai Xu , Chenxiao Zhao , Cheng Xiang , Shengchao Hu , Dongdong Kuang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin , Xing Yu

The increasing amount of data on the Web, in particular of Linked Data, has led to a diverse landscape of datasets, which make entity retrieval a challenging task. Explicit cross-dataset links, for instance to indicate co-references or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Besnik Fetahu , Ujwal Gadiraju , Stefan Dietze

Retrieve-and-rerank is a prevalent framework in neural information retrieval, wherein a bi-encoder network initially retrieves a pre-defined number of candidates (e.g., K=100), which are then reranked by a more powerful cross-encoder model.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Revanth Gangi Reddy , Pradeep Dasigi , Md Arafat Sultan , Arman Cohan , Avirup Sil , Heng Ji , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Query-focused summarization (QFS) is the task of generating a summary in response to a user-written query. Despite its user-oriented nature, there has been limited work in QFS in explicitly considering a user's understanding of a generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Cesare Spinoso-Di Piano , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung

The text retrieval is the task of retrieving similar documents to a search query, and it is important to improve retrieval accuracy while maintaining a certain level of retrieval speed. Existing studies have reported accuracy improvements…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Yuichi Sasazawa , Kenichi Yokote , Osamu Imaichi , Yasuhiro Sogawa

Cross-domain image retrieval aims at retrieving images across different domains to excavate cross-domain classificatory or correspondence relationships. This paper studies a less-touched problem of cross-domain image retrieval, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Xu Wang , Dezhong Peng , Ming Yan , Peng Hu

Effective document reranking is essential for improving search relevance across diverse applications. While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reranking due to their deep semantic understanding and reasoning, their high computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dimitar Peshevski , Kiril Blazhevski , Martin Popovski , Gjorgji Madjarov