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Current query expansion models use pseudo-relevance feedback to improve first-pass retrieval effectiveness; however, this fails when the initial results are not relevant. Instead of building a language model from retrieved results, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Iain Mackie , Shubham Chatterjee , Jeffrey Dalton

While text-to-image (T2I) generative models have become ubiquitous, they do not necessarily generate images that align with a given prompt. While previous work has evaluated T2I alignment by proposing metrics, benchmarks, and templates for…

Establishing retrieval-based dialogue systems that can select appropriate responses from the pre-built index has gained increasing attention from researchers. For this task, the adoption of pre-trained language models (such as BERT) has led…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Chongyang Tao , Jiazhan Feng , Chang Liu , Juntao Li , Xiubo Geng , Daxin Jiang

This paper studies retrieval-augmented approaches for personalizing large language models (LLMs), which potentially have a substantial impact on various applications and domains. We propose the first attempt to optimize the retrieval models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Alireza Salemi , Surya Kallumadi , Hamed Zamani

The effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating accurate responses relies heavily on the quality of input provided, particularly when employing Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques. RAG enhances LLMs by sourcing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Spurthi Setty , Harsh Thakkar , Alyssa Lee , Eden Chung , Natan Vidra

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving and impacting various fields, necessitating the development of effective methods to evaluate and compare their performance. Most current approaches for performance evaluation are either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Behrad Moniri , Hamed Hassani , Edgar Dobriban

Benchmarks are pivotal in driving AI progress, and invalid benchmark questions frequently undermine their reliability. Manually identifying and correcting errors among thousands of benchmark questions is not only infeasible but also a…

In a number of information retrieval applications (e.g., patent search, literature review, due diligence, etc.), preventing false negatives is more important than preventing false positives. However, approaches designed to reduce review…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Timo Kats , Peter van der Putten , Jan Scholtes

While language models (LMs) have proven remarkably adept at generating code, many programs are challenging for LMs to generate using their parametric knowledge alone. Providing external contexts such as library documentation can facilitate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zora Zhiruo Wang , Akari Asai , Xinyan Velocity Yu , Frank F. Xu , Yiqing Xie , Graham Neubig , Daniel Fried

Pluralistic alignment has emerged as a critical frontier in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), with reward models (RMs) serving as a central mechanism for capturing diverse human values. While benchmarks for general response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Qiyao Ma , Dechen Gao , Rui Cai , Boqi Zhao , Hanchu Zhou , Junshan Zhang , Zhe Zhao

Generative large language models as tools in the legal domain have the potential to improve the justice system. However, the reasoning behavior of current generative models is brittle and poorly understood, hence cannot be responsibly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Cor Steging , Silja Renooij , Bart Verheij

Prompt engineering is crucial for achieving reliable and effective outputs from large language models (LLMs), but its design requires specialized knowledge of prompting techniques and a deep understanding of target tasks. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yohei Ikenoue , Hitomi Tashiro , Shigeru Kuroyanagi

Constructing responses in task-oriented dialogue systems typically relies on information sources such the current dialogue state or external databases. This paper presents a novel approach to knowledge-grounded response generation that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Nicholas Thomas Walker , Stefan Ultes , Pierre Lison

The rapid rise in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) with emerging capabilities has spurred public curiosity to evaluate and compare different LLMs, leading many researchers to propose their own LLM benchmarks. Noticing preliminary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Timothy R. McIntosh , Teo Susnjak , Nalin Arachchilage , Tong Liu , Paul Watters , Malka N. Halgamuge

Video generation assessment is essential for ensuring that generative models produce visually realistic, high-quality videos while aligning with human expectations. Current video generation benchmarks fall into two main categories:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Hui Han , Siyuan Li , Jiaqi Chen , Yiwen Yuan , Yuling Wu , Chak Tou Leong , Hanwen Du , Junchen Fu , Youhua Li , Jie Zhang , Chi Zhang , Li-jia Li , Yongxin Ni

Reasoning has emerged as the next major frontier for language models (LMs), with rapid advances from both academic and industrial labs. However, this progress often outpaces methodological rigor, with many evaluations relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Andreas Hochlehnert , Hardik Bhatnagar , Vishaal Udandarao , Samuel Albanie , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to inaccuracies. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailong Yin , Bin Zhu , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo

Reliable evaluation is essential for understanding large language model (LLM) performance, yet today's go-to metrics, namely token-overlap scores (e.g., ROUGE) and embedding-based measures (e.g., BERTScore), often misjudge semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Siran Li , Ece Sena Etoglu , Carsten Eickhoff , Seyed Ali Bahrainian

Current benchmarks for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) often do not exhibit enough writing style diversity, with many adhering primarily to standardized conventions. Such benchmarks do not fully capture the rich variety of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Kimberly Le Truong , Riccardo Fogliato , Hoda Heidari , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Automatic evaluation remains an open research question in Natural Language Generation. In the context of Sentence Simplification, this is particularly challenging: the task requires by nature to replace complex words with simpler ones that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Thomas Scialom , Louis Martin , Jacopo Staiano , Éric Villemonte de la Clergerie , Benoît Sagot