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The superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer is one of the most sensitive experimental techniques to magnetically characterize samples with high sensitivity. Here we present a detailed discussion of possible…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-27 M. Sawicki , W. Stefanowicz , A. Ney

Topologically nontrivial magnetic textures such as skyrmions offer promising opportunities for spintronic applications. In recent years, it has been shown that the magnetic properties of layered materials can be affected by depositing…

X-ray microscopy has been an indispensable tool to image nanoscale properties for materials research. One of its recent advances is to extend microscopic studies to the time domain for visualizing the dynamics of nanoscale phenomena.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Haidan Wen , Mathew J. Cherukara , Martin V. Holt

With the introduction of x-ray free electron laser sources around the world, new scientific approaches for visualizing matter at fundamental length and time-scales have become possible. As it relates to magnetism and "magnetic-type"…

Nano- and micromagnetic materials have been extensively employed in micro-functional devices. However, measuring small-scale mechanical and magnetomechanical properties is challenging, which restricts the design of new products and the…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-04-04 Hao Zhou , Yongmao Pei , Daining Fang

The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is a powerful instrument to study electronic density of states at surfaces down to atomic scale. Many interesting samples require studying variations as a function of the magnetic field, which is most…

Achieving a correlative measurement of both magnetic and atomic structures at the nanoscale is imperative to understand the fundamental magnetism of matters and for fostering the development of new magnetic nanomaterials. Conventional…

The rapid progress in antiferromagnetic and altermagnetic spintronics has led to increased interest in magnetic materials with vanishing net magnetization but strong spin-dependent transport properties. As thin films of such materials…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-01-09 Katarzyna Gas , Maciej Sawicki

A short overview is given of recent advances in the field of nanosemiconductors, which are suitable as materials for spin polarized transport of charge carriers. On the basis of last theoretical and experimental achievements it is shown…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-08-13 P. Kervalishvili

Surface based geometries of microfabricated wires or patterned magnetic films can be used to magnetically trap and manipulate ultracold neutral atoms or Bose-Einstein condensates. We investigate the magnetic properties of such atom chips…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Volk , S. Whitlock , B. V. Hall , A. I. Sidorov

Soft x-ray microscopy plays an important role in modern spintronics. However, the achievable resolution of most x-ray magnetic imaging experiments is above 10 nm, limiting access to fundamental and technologically relevant length scales.…

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) represent versatile tools with diverse applications spanning physics, chemistry, geology, and medical science. This comprehensive review explores the foundational…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-03-07 Islam G. Ali

One of the key challenges in magnetism remains the determination of the nanoscopic magnetization profile within the volume of thick samples, such as permanent ferromagnets. Thanks to the large penetration depth of neutrons, magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-09-21 Philipp Bender , Jonathan Leliaert , Mathias Bersweiler , Dirk Honecker , Andreas Michels

Disorder in magnetic materials prevents reliable control of spin textures and constrains their integration into spintronic devices. Existing methods access disorder only indirectly through external imaging probes or bulk transport…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Liam K. Mitchell , Benjamin J. Brown , Gang Xiao

We present the results of a systematic measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of small material samples in a 9.4 T MRI scanner. We measured many of the most widely used materials in MR engineering and MR micro technology, including…

Magnetic ordering in two-dimensional (2D) materials has recently emerged as a promising platform for data storage, computing, and sensing. To advance these developments, it is vital to gain a detailed understanding of how the magnetic order…

This article aims at giving a general presentation of spintronics, an important field of research developing today along many new directions in physics of condensed matter. We tried to present simply the physical phenomena involved in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-12-02 Albert Fert , Frédéric Nguyen van Dau

The progress in the semiconductor industry has resulted in great demand for high-frequency magnetic materials applicable in microfabricated inductor cores. Nanocomposite materials, containing magnetic nanoparticles in a non-conducting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Mathias Zambach , Ziwei Ouyang , Matti Knaapila , Marco Beleggia , Cathrine Frandsen

Magnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials have received tremendous attention recently due to its potential application in spintronics and other magnetism related fields. To our knowledge, five kinds of 2D materials with intrinsic magnetism…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 Songrui Wei , Dingchen Wang , Yadong Wei , Han Zhang

One of the great challenges in biology is to observe, at sufficient detail, the real-time workings of the cell. Many methods exist to do cell measurements invasively. For example, mass spectrometry has tremendous mass sensitivity but…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-23 Jan G. Korvink , Neil MacKinnon