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The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-and particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) for code-has reshaped Software Engineering (SE) by enabling the automation of tasks such as code generation, bug detection, and repair. However, these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Saima Afrin , Md Zahidul Haque , Antonio Mastropaolo

Large Language Models have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of tasks, but adapting them efficiently to new domains remains a key challenge. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods address this by introducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Raghav Singhal , Kaustubh Ponkshe , Rohit Vartak , Praneeth Vepakomma

Popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA and its variants, freeze pre-trained model weights \(W\) and inject learnable matrices \(\Delta W\). These \(\Delta W\) matrices are structured for efficient…

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained language models has recently demonstrated remarkable achievements, effectively matching the performance of full fine-tuning while utilizing significantly fewer trainable parameters, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Baohao Liao , Yan Meng , Christof Monz

Full fine-tuning is a popular approach to adapt Transformer-based pre-trained large language models to a specific downstream task. However, the substantial requirements for computational power and storage have discouraged its widespread…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Samir Arora , Liangliang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, reduce adaptation cost by injecting low-rank updates into pretrained weights. However, LoRA's down-projection is randomly initialized and data-agnostic, discarding potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yuan Yin , Shashanka Venkataramanan , Tuan-Hung Vu , Andrei Bursuc , Matthieu Cord

Deep State Space Models (SSMs), such as Mamba (Gu & Dao, 2024), have become powerful tools for language modeling, offering high performance and linear scalability with sequence length. However, the application of parameter-efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kevin Galim , Wonjun Kang , Yuchen Zeng , Hyung Il Koo , Kangwook Lee

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to new tasks through fine-tuning has been made more efficient by the introduction of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques, such as LoRA. However, these methods often underperform compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Chunlin Tian , Zhan Shi , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li , Chengzhong Xu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, especially LoRA, are widely used for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks due to their computational and storage efficiency. However, in the context of LoRA and its variants, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kainan Liu , Yong Zhang , Ning Cheng , Yun Zhu , Yanmeng Wang , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become an essential approach for adapting large-scale pre-trained models while reducing computational costs. Among PEFT methods, LoRA significantly reduces trainable parameters by decomposing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiancheng Zhao , Xingda Yu , Zhen Yang

LoRA has become a universal Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) technique that equips Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt quickly to new tasks. However, when these models are scaled up, even the latest LoRA variants still introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xindian Ma , Rundong Kong , Peng Zhang , Ruoxiang Huang , Yongyu Jiang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods reduce the computational costs of updating deep learning models by minimizing the number of additional parameters used to adapt a model to a down- stream task. While extensively researched in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Georg Slamanig , Francesco Corti , Olga Saukh

Federated Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (Fed-PEFT) enables lightweight adaptation of large pre-trained models in federated learning settings by updating only a small subset of parameters. However, Fed-PEFT methods typically assume a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Feng Yu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min

In the realm of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, while options like LoRA are available, there is a persistent demand in the industry for a PEFT approach that excels in both efficiency and performance within the context of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zequan Liu , Yi Zhao , Ming Tan , Wei Zhu , Aaron Xuxiang Tian

Fine-tuning helps large language models (LLM) recover degraded information and enhance task performance. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used and effective for fine-tuning, we have observed that its scaling factor can limit or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Peiyan Dong , Changdi Yang , Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

The increasing sizes of large language models (LLMs) result in significant computational overhead and memory usage when adapting these models to specific tasks or domains. Various parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Fan Wang , Juyong Jiang , Chansung Park , Sunghun Kim , Jing Tang

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), have significantly reduced the number of trainable parameters needed in fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). The developments of LoRA-style adapters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuxuan Gu , Wuyang Zhou , Giorgos Iacovides , Danilo Mandic

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various tasks but face deployment challenges due to their massive computational demands. While post-training pruning methods like SparseGPT and Wanda can effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qiao Xiao , Alan Ansell , Boqian Wu , Lu Yin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have gained significant attention, which aims to achieve efficient fine-tuning of LLMs with fewer parameters. As a representative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Dacao Zhang , Kun Zhang , Shimao Chu , Le Wu , Xin Li , Si Wei
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