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Large language models (LLMs) provide powerful foundations to perform fine-grained text re-ranking. However, they are often prohibitive in reality due to constraints on computation bandwidth. In this work, we propose a \textbf{flexible}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zheng Liu , Chaofan Li , Shitao Xiao , Chaozhuo Li , Defu Lian , Yingxia Shao

Recent advancements in reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI-o3, have demonstrated significant progress. However, their application in professional medical contexts remains underexplored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Pengcheng Qiu , Chaoyi Wu , Shuyu Liu , Weike Zhao , Zhuoxia Chen , Hongfei Gu , Chuanjin Peng , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate complex responses to threat-based manipulations, revealing both vulnerabilities and unexpected performance enhancement opportunities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 3,390…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Atil Samancioglu

In current benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs), there are issues such as evaluation content restriction, untimely updates, and lack of optimization guidance. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for the measurement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Jin Liu , Qingquan Li , Wenlong Du

Large Language Model (LLM) has transformative potential in various domains, including recommender systems (RS). There have been a handful of research that focuses on empowering the RS by LLM. However, previous efforts mainly focus on LLM as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Qidong Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yuhao Wang , Yejing Wang , Zijian Zhang , Yuqi Sun , Xiang Li , Maolin Wang , Pengyue Jia , Chong Chen , Wei Huang , Feng Tian

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities when guided by high-quality demonstrations, yet such data is often distributed across organizations that cannot centralize it due to regulatory, proprietary, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ruhan Wang , Chengkai Huang , Zhiyong Wang , Junda Wu , Rui Wang , Tong Yu , Julian McAuley , Lina Yao , Dongruo Zhou

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research on multilingual large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs not only are able to understand and generate language across linguistic boundaries, but also represent an important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Shaolin Zhu , Supryadi , Shaoyang Xu , Haoran Sun , Leiyu Pan , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Renren Jin , António Branco , Deyi Xiong

This study reviewed the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare, focusing on their training corpora, customization techniques, and evaluation metrics. A systematic search of studies from 2021 to 2024 identified 61 articles. Four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shuqi Yang , Mingrui Jing , Shuai Wang , Jiaxin Kou , Manfei Shi , Weijie Xing , Yan Hu , Zheng Zhu

OpenLVLM-MIA is a new benchmark that highlights fundamental challenges in evaluating membership inference attacks (MIA) against large vision-language models (LVLMs). While prior work has reported high attack success rates, our analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ryoto Miyamoto , Xin Fan , Fuyuko Kido , Tsuneo Matsumoto , Hayato Yamana

The advent of foundation models, particularly Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), has redefined the frontiers of artificial intelligence, enabling remarkable generalization across diverse tasks with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Redwan Sony , Parisa Farmanifard , Hamzeh Alzwairy , Nitish Shukla , Arun Ross

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world fact-checking systems, yet existing evaluations focus predominantly on claim verification and overlook the broader fact-checking workflow, including claim extraction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Hongzhan Lin , Zixin Chen , Zhiqi Shen , Ziyang Luo , Zhen Ye , Jing Ma , Tat-Seng Chua , Guandong Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) like LLaMA, Mistral, and Gemma are increasingly used in decision-critical domains such as healthcare, law, and finance, yet their reliability remains uncertain. They often make overconfident errors, degrade…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Rohit Kumar Salla , Manoj Saravanan , Shrikar Reddy Kota

Measuring innovation often relies on context-specific proxies and on expert evaluation. Hence, empirical innovation research is often limited to settings where such data is available. We investigate how large language models (LLMs) can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Robin Nowak , Patrick Figge , Carolin Haeussler

Reward models (RMs) play a critical role in enhancing the reasoning performance of LLMs. For example, they can provide training signals to finetune LLMs during reinforcement learning (RL) and help select the best answer from multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Qiyuan Liu , Hao Xu , Xuhong Chen , Wei Chen , Yee Whye Teh , Ning Miao

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) in production environments has created an urgent need for observability systems that span the full stack -- from model internals to GPU kernels. Yet existing monitoring approaches address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Twinkll Sisodia

The rapid advancement of large language models presents significant opportunities for financial applications, yet systematic evaluation in specialized financial contexts remains limited. This study presents the first comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Xuan Yao , Qianteng Wang , Xinbo Liu , Ke-Wei Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving and impacting various fields, necessitating the development of effective methods to evaluate and compare their performance. Most current approaches for performance evaluation are either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Behrad Moniri , Hamed Hassani , Edgar Dobriban

Large Language Models (LLMs) utilize large amounts of data for their training, some of which may come from copyrighted sources. Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) aim to detect those documents and whether they have been included in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Juliusz Janicki , Savvas Chamezopoulos , Evangelos Kanoulas , Georgios Tsatsaronis

Existing large language models (LLMs) evaluation methods typically focus on testing the performance on some closed-environment and domain-specific benchmarks with human annotations. In this paper, we explore a novel unsupervised evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Kun-Peng Ning , Shuo Yang , Yu-Yang Liu , Jia-Yu Yao , Zhen-Hui Liu , Yong-Hong Tian , Yibing Song , Li Yuan

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has transformed research and practice across a wide range of domains. Within the computing education research (CER) domain, LLMs have garnered significant attention, particularly in the context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Charles Koutcheme , Nicola Dainese , Arto Hellas , Sami Sarsa , Juho Leinonen , Syed Ashraf , Paul Denny