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One of the challenges faced by many video providers is the heterogeneity of network specifications, user requirements, and content compression performance. The universal solution of a fixed bitrate ladder is inadequate in ensuring a high…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Angeliki V. Katsenou , Joel Sole , David R. Bull

Pareto-front optimization is crucial for addressing the multi-objective challenges in video streaming, enabling the identification of optimal trade-offs between conflicting goals such as bitrate, video quality, and decoding complexity. This…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Angeliki Katsenou , Vignesh V Menon , Adam Wieckowski , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

Recently proposed perceptually optimized per-title video encoding methods provide better BD-rate savings than fixed bitrate-ladder approaches that have been employed in the past. However, a disadvantage of per-title encoding is that it…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Krishna Srikar Durbha , Hassene Tmar , Cosmin Stejerean , Ioannis Katsavounidis , Alan C. Bovik

Changing the encoding parameters, in particular the video resolution, is a common practice before transcoding. To this end, streaming and broadcast platforms benefit from so-called bitrate ladders to determine the optimal resolution for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Fatemeh Nasiri , Wassim Hamidouche , Luce Morin , Nicolas Dholland , Jean-Yves Aubié

In HTTP Adaptive Streaming, video content is conventionally encoded by adapting its spatial resolution and quantization level to best match the prevailing network state and display characteristics. It is well known that the traditional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-17 Angeliki V. Katsenou , Fan Zhang , Kyle Swanson , Mariana Afonso , Joel Sole , David R. Bull

Video service providers need their delivery systems to be able to adapt to network conditions, user preferences, display settings, and other factors. HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) offers dynamic switching between different video…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Krishna Srikar Durbha , Alan C. Bovik

Traditional per-title encoding schemes aim to optimize encoding resolutions to deliver the highest perceptual quality for each representation. However, keeping the encoding time within an acceptable threshold for a smooth user experience is…

Video streaming often requires transcoding content into different resolutions and bitrates to match the recipient's internet speed and screen capabilities. Video encoders like x264 offer various presets, each with different tradeoffs…

Adaptive video streaming is a key enabler for optimising the delivery of offline encoded video content. The research focus to date has been on optimisation, based solely on rate-quality curves. This paper adds an additional dimension, the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Angeliki Katsenou , Xinyi Wang , Daniel Schien , David Bull

Over the past few years, per-title and per-shot video encoding techniques have demonstrated significant gains as compared to conventional techniques such as constant CRF encoding and the fixed bitrate ladder. These techniques have…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Krishna Srikar Durbha , Hassene Tmar , Ping-Hao Wu , Ioannis Katsavounidis , Alan C. Bovik

In live streaming applications, a fixed set of bitrate-resolution pairs (known as bitrate ladder) is generally used to avoid additional pre-processing run-time to analyze the complexity of every video content and determine the optimized…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Vignesh V Menon , Hadi Amirpour , Prajit T Rajendran , Mohammad Ghanbari , Christian Timmerer

In today's digital landscape, video content dominates internet traffic, underscoring the need for efficient video processing to support seamless live streaming experiences on platforms like YouTube Live, Twitch, and Facebook Live. This…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Zahra Nabizadeh , Maedeh Jamali , Nader Karimi , Shadrokh Samavi , Shahram Shirani

HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) has emerged as a prevalent approach for over-the-top (OTT) video streaming services due to its ability to deliver a seamless user experience. A fundamental component of HAS is the bitrate ladder, which…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-12 Ahmed Telili , Wassim Hamidouche , Hadi Amirpour , Sid Ahmed Fezza , Luce Morin , Christian Timmerer

Providing high-quality video with efficient bitrate is a main challenge in video industry. The traditional one-size-fits-all scheme for bitrate ladders is inefficient and reaching the best content-aware decision computationally impractical…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Ali Falahati , Mohammad Karim Safavi , Ardavan Elahi , Farhad Pakdaman , Moncef Gabbouj

Adaptive video streaming has facilitated improved video streaming over the past years. A balance among coding performance objectives such as bitrate, video quality, and decoding complexity is required to achieve efficient, content- and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Angeliki Katsenou , Vignesh V. Menon , Guoda Laurinaviciute , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

Adaptive video streaming relies on the construction of efficient bitrate ladders to deliver the best possible visual quality to viewers under bandwidth constraints. The traditional method of content dependent bitrate ladder selection…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 Somdyuti Paul , Andrey Norkin , Alan C. Bovik

With the emergence of multiple modern video codecs, streaming service providers are forced to encode, store, and transmit bitrate ladders of multiple codecs separately, consequently suffering from additional energy costs for encoding,…

Given the significant industrial growth of demand for virtual reality (VR), 360{\deg} video streaming is one of the most important VR applications that require cost-optimal solutions to achieve widespread proliferation of VR technology.…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Cagri Ozcinar , Ana De Abreu , Sebastian Knorr , Aljosa Smolic

Conventional per-title encoding schemes strive to optimize encoding resolutions to deliver the utmost perceptual quality for each bitrate ladder representation. Nevertheless, maintaining encoding time within an acceptable threshold is…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Vignesh V Menon , Prajit T Rajendran , Amritha Premkumar , Benjamin Bross , Detlev Marpe

HTTP video streaming is in wide use to deliver video over the Internet. With HTTP adaptive steaming, a video playback dynamically selects a video stream from a pre-encoded representation based on available bandwidth and viewport (screen)…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-10-17 Chao Chen , Yao-Chung Lin , Anil Kokaram , Steve Benting
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