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Wave--particle duality demonstrates the peculiar nature of quantum mechanics. In which-way experiments, depending on the measurement scheme, a particle exhibits either wave-like or particle-like properties, as summarized by Bohr's principle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Shiyu Wang , Zhiguang Yan , Clemens Gneiting , Rui Li , Franco Nori , Yasunobu Nakamura

We present a systematic framework to quantify the interplay between coherence and wave-particle duality in generic two-path interference systems. Our analysis reveals a closed-form duality ellipse (DE) equality, that rigorously unifies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Pawan Khatiwada , Xiao-Feng Qian

A quantum system (quanton) traverses an interferometer with $N$ equally probable paths and interacts with another quantum system (detector) that stores path information in a set of symmetric states. In this interferometric framework, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 L. F. Melo , O. Jiménez , L. Neves

Wave-particle duality is certainly one of the most curious concepts of contemporary physics, which ascribes mutually exclusive behaviors to quantum systems that cannot be observed simultaneously. In the context of two-path interferometers,…

It is well known that in a two-slit interference experiment, acquiring which-path information about the particle, leads to a degrading of the interference. It is argued that path-information has a meaning only when one can umabiguously tell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-24 Keerthy K. Menon , Tabish Qureshi

The Mach-Zehnder interferometric setup quantitatively characterizing the wave-particle duality implements in fact a joint measurement of two unsharp observables. We present a necessary and sufficient condition for such a pair of unsharp…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-12 Nai-Le Liu , Li Li , Sixia Yu , Zeng-Bing Chen

In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. {\bf A64}, 042113 (2001)] S. D\"urr proposed an interesting multibeam generalization of the quantitative formulation of interferometric wave-particle duality, discovered by Englert for two-beam interferometers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 G. Bimonte , R. Musto

We investigate quantitatively the wave-particle duality in a general Mach-Zehnder interferometer setup with an asymmetric beam splitter. The asymmetric beam splitter introduces additional a priori which-path knowledge, which is different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Li Li , Nai-Le Liu , Sixia Yu

We investigate the relationships among the wave property, particle property and mixedness of quantum states based on the lp-norm coherence. By conforming that the lp-norm coherence is an appropriate measure of wave property and introducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Wei-Ning Li , Ming Fang , Yuan-Hong Tao , Liu Sun , Shao-Ming Fei

We investigate wave-particle duality in a symmetric two-way interferometer with a which-way detector. We find that it is important to state wether the interfering object or the which-way detector is read out first. In case that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-11 Uwe Schilling , Joachim von Zanthier

We formulate a general theory of wave-particle duality for many-body quantum states, which quantifies how wave- and particle-like properties balance each other. Much as in the well-understood single-particle case, which-way information --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Christoph Dittel , Gabriel Dufour , Gregor Weihs , Andreas Buchleitner

We derive upper bounds for Hilbert-Schmidt's quantum coherence of general states of a $d$-level quantum system, a qudit, in terms of its incoherent uncertainty, with the latter quantified using the linear and von Neumann's entropies of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Marcos L. W. Basso , Diego S. S. Chrysosthemos , Jonas Maziero

Some recent works have introduced a quantum twist to the concept of complementarity, exemplified by a setup in which the which-way detector is in a superposition of being present and absent. It has been argued that such experiments allow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-03 Tabish Qureshi

For a particle travelling through an interferometer, the trade-off between the available which-way information and the interference visibility provides a lucid manifestation of the quantum mechanical wave-particle duality. Here we analyze…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-04 Konrad Banaszek , Pawel Horodecki , Michal Karpinski , Czeslaw Radzewicz

Quantum mechanical wave-particle duality is quantified in terms of a trade-off relation between the fringe visibility and the which-way distinguishability in an interference experiment. This relation is recently generalized by Banaszek et.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-20 J. Prabhu Tej , A. R. Usha Devi , H. S. Karthik , Sudha , A. K. Rajagopal

A textbook interpretation of quantum physics is that quantum objects can be described in a particle or a wave picture, depending on the operations and measurements performed. Beyond this widely held believe, we demonstrate in this…

Recently, Bohr's complementarity principle was assessed in setups involving delayed choices. These works argued in favor of a reformulation of the aforementioned principle so as to account for situations in which a quantum system would…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 R. M. Angelo , A. D. Ribeiro

The complementarity relations impose the constraints on different aspects of quantum states. We study the complementarity relation within a multi-path interferometer that includes detectors and quantum memory. Here we consider the mixed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Yue Sun , Ming-Jing Zhao , Peng-Tong Li

Wave-particle duality and complementarity principle stand at the conceptual core of quantum theory in its orthodox Copenhagen interpretation. They imply that the wave behavior and particle behavior of quantum objects are mutually exclusive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Zhi-Yuan Li

Complementarity relations for wave-particle duality are saturated only for pure, single-quanton, quantum states. For a completely incoherent state, it is known that wave and particle quantifiers can reach zero, and hence no information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 Marcos L. W. Basso , Jonas Maziero