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Standard A/B tests in online experiments face statistical power challenges when testing multiple candidates simultaneously, while adaptive experimental designs (AED) alone fall short in inferring experiment statistics such as the average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qining Zhang , Tanner Fiez , Yi Liu , Wenyang Liu

In many industry settings, online controlled experimentation (A/B test) has been broadly adopted as the gold standard to measure product or feature impacts. Most research has primarily focused on user engagement type metrics, specifically…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-30 Weinan Wang , Xi Zhang

Bandit learning has been an increasingly popular design choice for recommender system. Despite the strong interest in bandit learning from the community, there remains multiple bottlenecks that prevent many bandit learning approaches from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Hongbo Guo , Ruben Naeff , Alex Nikulkov , Zheqing Zhu

A/B tests are often required to be conducted on subjects that might have social connections. For e.g., experiments on social media, or medical and social interventions to control the spread of an epidemic. In such settings, the SUTVA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Shiv Shankar , Ritwik Sinha , Yash Chandak , Saayan Mitra , Madalina Fiterau

Design of experiments and estimation of treatment effects in large-scale networks, in the presence of strong interference, is a challenging and important problem. Most existing methods' performance deteriorates as the density of the network…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-15 Preetam Nandy , Kinjal Basu , Shaunak Chatterjee , Ye Tu

Software companies have widely used online A/B testing to evaluate the impact of a new technology by offering it to groups of users and comparing it against the unmodified product. However, running online A/B testing needs not only efforts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Jie JW Wu

This paper introduces \textit{online bilevel optimization} in which a sequence of time-varying bilevel problems is revealed one after the other. We extend the known regret bounds for online single-level algorithms to the bilevel setting.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-10 Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Parvin Nazari , Bojian Hou , Li Shen , Laura Balzano

A/B testing is an important decision-making tool in product development for evaluating user engagement or satisfaction from a new service, feature or product. The goal of A/B testing is to estimate the average treatment effects (ATE) of a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-21 Yifan Zhou , Yang Liu , Ping Li , Feifang Hu

Contextual sensing and delivery of digital interventions to improve health outcomes have gained significant traction in behavioral and psychiatric studies. Micro-randomized trials (MRTs) are a common experimental design for obtaining…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-01 Jieru Shi , Zhenke Wu , Walter Dempsey

A/B testing is widely used in modern technology companies for policy evaluation and product deployment, with the goal of comparing the outcomes under a newly-developed policy against a standard control. Various causal inference and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-25 Jinjuan Wang , Qianglin Wen , Yu Zhang , Xiaodong Yan , Chengchun Shi

Software Engineering (SE) experiments are traditionally analyzed with statistical tests (e.g., t-tests, ANOVAs, etc.) that assume equally spread data across treatments (i.e., the homogeneity of variances assumption). Differences across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Adrian Santos , Markku Oivo , Natalia Juristo

A/B testing, or online experiment is a standard business strategy to compare a new product with an old one in pharmaceutical, technological, and traditional industries. Major challenges arise in online experiments of two-sided marketplace…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Chengchun Shi , Xiaoyu Wang , Shikai Luo , Hongtu Zhu , Jieping Ye , Rui Song

Utilizing randomized experiments to evaluate the effect of short-term treatments on the short-term outcomes has been well understood and become the golden standard in industrial practice. However, as service systems become increasingly…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-10 Shuze Chen , David Simchi-Levi , Chonghuan Wang

Online A/B testing at scale relies on proxy metrics -- short-term, easily-measured signals used in place of slow-moving long-term outcomes. When the proxy-outcome relationship is heterogeneous across user segments, aggregate correlation can…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-17 Avinash Amudala

In this paper, we draw attention to a problem that is often overlooked or ignored by companies practicing hypothesis testing (A/B testing) in online environments. We show that conducting experiments on limited inventory that is shared…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Dennis Bohle , Alexander Marynych , Matthias Meiners

Online controlled experiments (a.k.a. A/B testing) have been used as the mantra for data-driven decision making on feature changing and product shipping in many Internet companies. However, it is still a great challenge to systematically…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-16 Yuxiang Xie , Nanyu Chen , Xiaolin Shi

This paper examines how spillover effects in A/B testing can impede organizational progress and develops strategies for mitigating these challenges. We identify a phenomenon termed ``seesaw experimentation'', where a firm's overall…

General Economics · Economics 2025-01-16 Jin Li , Ye Luo , Xiaowei Zhang

A/B testing is an effective way to assess the potential impacts of two treatments. For A/B tests conducted by IT companies, the test users of A/B testing are often connected and form a social network. The responses of A/B testing can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-19 Qiong Zhang

Variational inference is increasingly being addressed with stochastic optimization. In this setting, the gradient's variance plays a crucial role in the optimization procedure, since high variance gradients lead to poor convergence. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tomas Geffner , Justin Domke

Technology firms conduct randomized controlled experiments ("A/B tests") to learn which actions to take to improve business outcomes. In firms with mature experimentation platforms, experimentation programs can consist of many thousands of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-30 Winston Chou , Colin Gray , Nathan Kallus , Aurélien Bibaut , Simon Ejdemyr