English
Related papers

Related papers: MX: Enhancing RISC-V's Vector ISA for Ultra-Low Ov…

200 papers

The increasing demand for generative AI as Large Language Models (LLMs) services has driven the need for specialized hardware architectures that optimize computational efficiency and energy consumption. This paper evaluates the performance…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Hiari Pizzini Cavagna , Daniele Cesarini , Andrea Bartolini

Vector processing is highly effective in boosting processor performance and efficiency for data-parallel workloads. In this paper, we present Ara2, the first fully open-source vector processor to support the RISC-V V 1.0 frozen ISA. We…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Matteo Perotti , Matheus Cavalcante , Renzo Andri , Lukas Cavigelli , Luca Benini

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the RISC-V instruction set architecture, focusing on its modular design, implementation challenges, and performance characteristics. We examine the RV32I base instruction set with extensions…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Priyanshu Yadav

Deep learning training involves a large number of operations, which are dominated by high dimensionality Matrix-Vector Multiplies (MVMs). This has motivated hardware accelerators to enhance compute efficiency, but where data movement and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Christopher Grimm , Naveen Verma

Multiplication is a core operation in modern neural network (NN) computations, contributing significantly to energy consumption. The linear-complexity multiplication (L-Mul) algorithm is specifically proposed as an approximate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Ruiqi Chen , Yangxintong Lyu , Han Bao , Bruno da Silva

Machine learning (ML) compilers are an active area of research because they offer the potential to automatically speedup tensor programs. Kernel fusion is often cited as an important optimization performed by ML compilers. However, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Daniel Snider , Ruofan Liang

Matrix-matrix multiplication is a key computational kernel for numerous applications in science and engineering, with ample parallelism and data locality that lends itself well to high-performance implementations. Many matrix…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Yaman Umuroglu , Lahiru Rasnayake , Magnus Sjalander

To alleviate the memory bandwidth bottleneck in Large Language Model (LLM) inference workloads, weight matrices are stored in memory in quantized and sparsified formats. Hence, before tiles of these matrices can be processed by in-core…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gerasimos Gerogiannis , Stijn Eyerman , Evangelos Georganas , Wim Heirman , Josep Torrellas

Computing-in-memory (CIM) is renowned in deep learning due to its high energy efficiency resulting from highly parallel computing with minimal data movement. However, current SRAM-based CIM designs suffer from long latency for loading…

Sparse Matrix-Matrix multiplication is a key kernel that has applications in several domains such as scientific computing and graph analysis. Several algorithms have been studied in the past for this foundational kernel. In this paper, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-10 Mehmet Deveci , Christian Trott , Sivasankaran Rajamanickam

Generalised matrix-matrix multiplication forms the kernel of many mathematical algorithms. A faster matrix-matrix multiply immediately benefits these algorithms. In this paper we implement efficient matrix multiplication for large matrices…

Performance · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Douglas Aberdeen , Jonathan Baxter

This living paper reviews the present High Performance Computing (HPC) capabilities of the Tinker-HP molecular modeling package. We focus here on the reference, double precision, massively parallel molecular dynamics engine present in…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Luc-Henri Jolly , Alejandro Duran , Louis Lagardère , Jay W. Ponder , Pengyu Ren , Jean-Philip Piquemal

Several manufacturers have already started to commercialize near-bank Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures. Near-bank PIM architectures place simple cores close to DRAM banks and can yield significant performance and energy improvements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Christina Giannoula , Ivan Fernandez , Juan Gómez-Luna , Nectarios Koziris , Georgios Goumas , Onur Mutlu

Mixed-precision algorithms have been proposed as a way for scientific computing to benefit from some of the gains seen for artificial intelligence (AI) on recent high performance computing (HPC) platforms. A few applications dominated by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Aditya Kashi , Nicholson Koukpaizan , Hao Lu , Michael Matheson , Sarp Oral , Feiyi Wang

Matrix multiplication performance has long been the major bottleneck to scaling deep learning workloads, which has stimulated the design of new accelerators that use increasingly low-precision number formats. However, improvements in matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Callum McLean , Luke Y. Prince , Alexandre Payot , Paul Balança , Carlo Luschi

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are currently driven by a significant upscaling of their complexity, with massive matrix-multiplication workloads representing the major computational bottleneck. In-memory computing (IMC) architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shady Agwa , Yihan Pan , Georgios Papandroulidakis , Themis Prodromakis

To respond to the need of efficient training and inference of deep neural networks, a plethora of domain-specific hardware architectures have been introduced, such as Google Tensor Processing Units and NVIDIA Tensor Cores. A common feature…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Rezaul Chowdhury , Francesco Silvestri , Flavio Vella

NVIDIA Tensor Core is a mixed-precision matrix-matrix multiplication and addition computing unit, where the theoretical peak performance is more than 300 TFlop/s on NVIDIA A100 GPU. NVIDIA provides WMMA API for using Tensor Cores in custom…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Rio Yokota

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is a fundamental operation in machine learning, scientific computing, and graph algorithms. In this paper, we investigate the space, time, and energy efficiency of SpMV using various compressed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Francesco Tosoni , Philip Bille , Valerio Brunacci , Alessio De Angelis , Paolo Ferragina , Giovanni Manzini

Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is an important kernel in scientific and engineering applications. The previous optimizations are sparse matrix format specific and expose the choice of the best format to application programmers.…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Jiajia Li , Xiuxia Zhang , Guangming Tan , Mingyu Chen