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Previous studies on two-timescale stochastic approximation (SA) mainly focused on bounding mean-squared errors under diminishing stepsize schemes. In this work, we investigate {\it constant} stpesize schemes through the lens of Markov…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-25 Jeongyeol Kwon , Luke Dotson , Yudong Chen , Qiaomin Xie

This paper considers a novel multi-agent linear stochastic approximation algorithm driven by Markovian noise and general consensus-type interaction, in which each agent evolves according to its local stochastic approximation process which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Yixuan Lin , Vijay Gupta , Ji Liu

Recent years have witnessed the surge of asynchronous parallel (async-parallel) iterative algorithms due to problems involving very large-scale data and a large number of decision variables. Because of asynchrony, the iterates are computed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-05 Zhimin Peng , Yangyang Xu , Ming Yan , Wotao Yin

Two-time-scale Stochastic Approximation (SA) is an iterative algorithm with applications in reinforcement learning and optimization. Prior finite time analysis of such algorithms has focused on fixed point iterations with mappings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Siddharth Chandak , Shaan Ul Haque , Nicholas Bambos

Convergence failure and slow convergence rates are among the biggest challenges with solving the system of non-linear equations numerically. Although mitigated, such issues still linger when using strictly small time steps and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-12-05 Hanyu Li , Wing Tat Leung , Mary F. Wheeler

Motivated by applications in reinforcement learning (RL), we study a nonlinear stochastic approximation (SA) algorithm under Markovian noise, and establish its finite-sample convergence bounds under various stepsizes. Specifically, we show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-27 Zaiwei Chen , Sheng Zhang , Thinh T. Doan , John-Paul Clarke , Siva Theja Maguluri

Algorithms for decentralized optimization and learning rely on local optimization steps coupled with combination steps over a graph. Recent works have demonstrated that using a time-varying sequence of matrices that achieves finite-time…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Aaron Fainman , Stefan Vlaski

In scalable machine learning systems, model training is often parallelized over multiple nodes that run without tight synchronization. Most analysis results for the related asynchronous algorithms use an upper bound on the information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Xuyang Wu , Sindri Magnusson , Hamid Reza Feyzmahdavian , Mikael Johansson

Stochastic approximation (SA) is an iterative algorithm for finding the fixed point of an operator using noisy samples and widely used in optimization and Reinforcement Learning (RL). The noise in RL exhibits a Markovian structure, and in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shaan Ul Haque , Sajad Khodadadian , Siva Theja Maguluri

We analyse the asymptotic properties of a continuous-time, two-timescale stochastic approximation algorithm designed for stochastic bilevel optimisation problems in continuous-time models. We obtain the weak convergence rate of this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Louis Sharrock

Two time scale stochastic approximation is analyzed when the iterates on either or both time scales do not necessarily converge.

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-31 Vivek S Borkar

Stochastic gradient descent is a canonical tool for addressing stochastic optimization problems, and forms the bedrock of modern machine learning and statistics. In this work, we seek to balance the fact that attenuating step-size is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-10 Zhan Gao , Alec Koppel , Alejandro Ribeiro

Time-parallel algorithms, such as Parareal, are well-understood for linear problems, but their convergence analysis for nonlinear, chaotic systems remains limited. This paper introduces a new theoretical framework for analysing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Giancarlo Antonino Antonucci , Raphael Andreas Hauser , Debasmita Samaddar , James Buchanan

We analyze (stochastic) gradient descent (SGD) with delayed updates on smooth quasi-convex and non-convex functions and derive concise, non-asymptotic, convergence rates. We show that the rate of convergence in all cases consists of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Sebastian U. Stich , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy

This paper presents the first sufficient conditions that guarantee the stability and almost sure convergence of multi-timescale stochastic approximation (SA) iterates. It extends the existing results on one-timescale and two-timescale SA…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Rohan Deb , Swetha Ganesh , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Previous papers have shown the impact of partial convergence of discretized PDE on the accuracy of tangent and adjoint linearizations. A series of papers suggested linearization of the fixed point iteration used in the solution process as a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-24 Emmett Padway , Dimitri Mavriplis

We propose an adaptive accelerated smoothing technique for a nonsmooth convex optimization problem where the smoothing update rule is coupled with the momentum parameter. We also extend the setting to the case where the objective function…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Reza Rahimi Baghbadorani , Sergio Grammatico , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani

In this paper, we establish non-asymptotic bounds for accuracy of normal approximation for linear two-timescale stochastic approximation (TTSA) algorithms driven by martingale difference or Markov noise. Focusing on both the last iterate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-10 Bogdan Butyrin , Artemy Rubtsov , Alexey Naumov , Vladimir Ulyanov , Sergey Samsonov

The so-called method of phase synchronization has been advocated in a number of papers as a way of decoupling a system of linear second-order differential equations by a linear transformation of coordinates and velocities. This is a rather…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-03-11 W. Sarlet , T. Mestdag

The first aim of this paper is to establish the weak convergence rate of nonlinear two-time-scale stochastic approximation algorithms. Its second aim is to introduce the averaging principle in the context of two-time-scale stochastic…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Abdelkader Mokkadem , Mariane Pelletier