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We investigate the complexity of the reachability problem for (deep) neural networks: does it compute valid output given some valid input? It was recently claimed that the problem is NP-complete for general neural networks and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Marco Sälzer , Martin Lange

A crucial question in analyzing a concurrent system is to determine its long-run behaviour, and in particular, whether there are irreversible choices in its evolution, leading into parts of the reachability space from which there is no…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Giann Karlo Aguirre Samboni , Stefan Haar , Loic Paulevé , Stefan Schwoon , Nick Würdemann

Petri nets provide accurate analogues to chemical reaction networks, with places representing individual molecules (the resources of the system) and transitions representing chemical reactions which convert educt molecules into product…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Addie Jordon , Juri Kolčák , Daniel Merkle

Petri nets proved useful to describe various real-world systems, but many of their properties are very hard to check. To alleviate this difficulty, subclasses are often considered. The class of weighted marked graphs with relaxed place…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Thomas Hujsa , Bernard Berthomieu , Silvano Dal Zilio , Didier Le Botlan

The reachability problem is a central decision problem for formal verification based on vector addition systems with states (VASS), which are equivalent to Petri nets and form one of the most studied and applied models of concurrency.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Wojciech Czerwiński , Sławomir Lasota , Ranko Lazić , Jérôme Leroux , Filip Mazowiecki

In this work, we analyze an efficient sampling-based algorithm for general-purpose reachability analysis, which remains a notoriously challenging problem with applications ranging from neural network verification to safety analysis of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-15 Thomas Lew , Lucas Janson , Riccardo Bonalli , Marco Pavone

Scheduling is a key decision-making process to improve the performance of flexible manufacturing systems. Place-timed Petri nets provide a formal method for graphically modeling and analyzing such systems. By generating reachability graphs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Zhou He , Ning Li , Ning Ran , Liang Li

In this work, we analyse Petri nets where places are allowed to have a negative number of tokens. For each net we build its correspondent category of executions, which is compact closed, and prove that this procedure is functorial. We…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-30 Fabrizio Genovese , Jelle Herold

Finding a set of nodes in a network, whose removal fragments the network below some target size at minimal cost is called network dismantling problem and it belongs to the NP-hard computational class. In this paper, we explore the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Xiao-Long Ren , Nino Antulov-Fantulin

In order to speed up the synthesis of Petri nets from labelled transition systems, a divide and conquer strategy consists in defining decompositions of labelled transition systems, such that each component is synthesisable iff so is the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Raymond Devillers

The effectiveness of projection methods for solving systems of linear inequalities is investigated. It is shown that they have a computational advantage over some alternatives and that this makes them successful in real-world applications.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-12-23 Y. Censor , W. Chen , P. L. Combettes , R. Davidi , G. T. Herman

We introduce immediate observation Petri nets, a class of interest in the study of population protocols (a model of distributed computation), and enzymatic chemical networks. In these areas, relevant analysis questions translate into…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-29 Javier Esparza , Mikhail Raskin , Chana Weil-Kennedy

We give an incremental, inductive (IC3) procedure to check coverability of well-structured transition systems. Our procedure generalizes the IC3 procedure for safety verification that has been successfully applied in finite-state hardware…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-02-25 Johannes Kloos , Rupak Majumdar , Filip Niksic , Ruzica Piskac

We introduce novel methods for encoding acyclicity and s-t-reachability constraints for propositional formulas with underlying directed graphs. They are based on vertex elimination graphs, which makes them suitable for cases where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Masood Feyzbakhsh Rankooh , Jussi Rintanen

We propose a new method for accelerating the computation of a concurrency relation, that is all pairs of places in a Petri net that can be marked together. Our approach relies on a state space abstraction, that involves a mix between…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Nicolas Amat , Silvano Dal Zilio , Didier Le Botlan

Vector Addition Systems and equivalent Petri nets are a well established models of concurrency. The central algorithmic problem for Vector Addition Systems with a long research history is the reachability problem asking whether there exists…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Wojciech Czerwiński , Łukasz Orlikowski

The decidability and complexity of reachability problems and model-checking for flat counter machines have been explored in detail. However, only few results are known for flat (lossy) FIFO machines, only in some particular cases (a single…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Alain Finkel , M. Praveen

Reversible computation is an unconventional form of computing that extends the standard forward-only mode of computation with the ability to execute a sequence of operations in reverse at any point during computation. As such, in this…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Kyriaki Psara

Unordered data Petri nets (UDPN) are an extension of classical Petri nets with tokens that carry data from an infinite domain and where transitions may check equality and disequality of tokens. UDPN are well-structured, so the coverability…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Utkarsh Gupta , Preey Shah , S. Akshay , Piotr Hofman

Order-reduction is a standard automated approximation technique for computer-aided design, analysis, and simulation of many classes of systems, from circuits to buildings. For a given system, these methods produce a reduced-order system…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-02-23 Hoang-Dung Tran , Luan Viet Nguyen , Weiming Xiang , Taylor T. Johnson
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