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Vision-language models (VLMs) excel in various multimodal tasks but frequently suffer from poor calibration, resulting in misalignment between their verbalized confidence and response correctness. This miscalibration undermines user trust,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yunpu Zhao , Rui Zhang , Junbin Xiao , Ruibo Hou , Jiaming Guo , Zihao Zhang , Yifan Hao , Yunji Chen

Phase-field models have been widely used to investigate the phase transformation phenomena. However, it is difficult to solve the problems numerically due to their strong nonlinearities and higher-order terms. This work is devoted to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Gang Bao , Chang Ma , Yuxuan Gong

Bilevel optimization problems comprise an upper level optimization task that contains a lower level optimization task as a constraint. While there is a significant and growing literature devoted to solving bilevel problems with single…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Bing Wang , Hemant K. Singh , Tapabrata Ray

Numerous applications require algorithms that can align partially overlapping point sets while maintaining invariance to geometric transformations (e.g., similarity, affine, rigid). This paper introduces a novel global optimization method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Wei Lian , Zhesen Cui , Fei Ma , Hang Pan , Wangmeng Zuo , Jianmei Zhang

Bilevel optimization (BO) has recently gained prominence in many machine learning applications due to its ability to capture the nested structure inherent in these problems. Recently, many hypergradient methods have been proposed as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Wanli Shi , Yi Chang , Bin Gu

Primal-dual interior-point methods solve constrained convex optimization problems to tight tolerances with speed and robustness. Their solutions are also efficiently differentiable with respect to the problem data through the implicit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Jon Arrizabalaga , Kevin Tracy , Zachary Manchester

The homogeneous second-order descent method (Zhang et al. 2025, Mathematics of Operations Research) was initially proposed for unconstrained optimisation problems. HSODM shows excellent performance with respect to the global complexity rate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Yonggang Pei , Yubing Lin , Mauricio Silva Louzeiro , Detong Zhu

We propose a new framework to implement interior point method (IPM) to solve very large linear programs (LP). Traditional IPMs typically use Newton's method to approximately solve a subproblem that aims to minimize a log-barrier penalty…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-03 Tianyi Lin , Shiqian Ma , Yinyu Ye , Shuzhong Zhang

Two-level stochastic optimization formulations have become instrumental in a number of machine learning contexts such as continual learning, neural architecture search, adversarial learning, and hyperparameter tuning. Practical stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Tommaso Giovannelli , Griffin Dean Kent , Luis Nunes Vicente

The recent interest in contextual optimization problems, where randomness is associated with side information, has led to two primary strategies for formulation and solution. The first, estimate-then-optimize, separates the estimation of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Diego Jiménez , Bernardo K. Pagnoncelli , Hande Yaman

We present a short step interior point method for solving a class of nonlinear programming problems with quadratic objective function. Convex quadratic programming problems can be reformulated as problems in this class. The method is shown…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-14 Martin Neuenhofen , Stefania Bellavia

Bilevel optimization is a popular two-level hierarchical optimization, which has been widely applied to many machine learning tasks such as hyperparameter learning, meta learning and continual learning. Although many bilevel optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-21 Feihu Huang

In this work, we study first-order algorithms for solving Bilevel Optimization (BO) where the objective functions are smooth but possibly nonconvex in both levels and the variables are restricted to closed convex sets. As a first step, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Jeongyeol Kwon , Dohyun Kwon , Stephen Wright , Robert Nowak

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently achieved remarkable progress in solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in various fields by minimizing a weighted sum of PDE loss and boundary loss. However, there are several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jiachen Yao , Chang Su , Zhongkai Hao , Songming Liu , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Intrusive uncertainty quantification methods for hyperbolic problems exhibit spurious oscillations at shocks, which leads to a significant reduction of the overall approximation quality. Furthermore, a challenging task is to preserve…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Graham Alldredge , Martin Frank , Jonas Kusch , Ryan McClarren

In this paper, we study the problem of solving a simple bilevel optimization problem, where the upper-level objective is minimized over the solution set of the lower-level problem. We focus on the general setting in which both the upper-…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-01 Jincheng Cao , Ruichen Jiang , Erfan Yazdandoost Hamedani , Aryan Mokhtari

Traditional off-policy actor-critic Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms learn value functions of a single target policy. However, when value functions are updated to track the learned policy, they forget potentially useful information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Francesco Faccio , Louis Kirsch , Jürgen Schmidhuber

We propose a new neural network based method for solving inverse problems for partial differential equations (PDEs) by formulating the PDE inverse problem as a bilevel optimization problem. At the upper level, we minimize the data loss with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ray Zirui Zhang , Christopher E. Miles , Xiaohui Xie , John S. Lowengrub

This paper presents a new method for solving a class of nonlinear optimal control problems with a quadratic performance index. In this method, first the original optimal control problem is transformed into a nonlinear two-point boundary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-09-18 Amin Jajarmi , Hamidreza Ramezanpour , Arman Sargolzaei , Pouyan Shafaei

Bilevel programming is one of the very active areas of research with many real-life applications in economics and engineering. Bilevel problems are hierarchical problems consisting of lower-level and upper-level problems, respectively. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Kuntal Som , Thirumulanathan D , Joydeep Dutta