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Question answering (QA) systems are designed to answer natural language questions. Visual QA (VQA) and Spoken QA (SQA) systems extend the textual QA system to accept visual and spoken input respectively. This work aims to create a system…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-30 Nimrod Shabtay , Zvi Kons , Avihu Dekel , Hagai Aronowitz , Ron Hoory , Assaf Arbelle

A question answering (QA) system is a type of conversational AI that generates natural language answers to questions posed by human users. QA systems often form the backbone of interactive dialogue systems, and have been studied extensively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Aakash Bansal , Zachary Eberhart , Lingfei Wu , Collin McMillan

Spoken question answering (SQA) systems are critical for digital assistants and other real-world use cases, but evaluating their performance is a challenge due to the importance of human-spoken questions. This study presents a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yijing Wu , SaiKrishna Rallabandi , Ravisutha Srinivasamurthy , Parag Pravin Dakle , Alolika Gon , Preethi Raghavan

This paper introduces our proposed system for the MIA Shared Task on Cross-lingual Open-retrieval Question Answering (COQA). In this challenging scenario, given an input question the system has to gather evidence documents from a…

Question answering (QA) is a natural language understanding task within the fields of information retrieval and information extraction that has attracted much attention from the computational linguistics and artificial intelligence research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Kiet Van Nguyen , Phong Nguyen-Thuan Do , Nhat Duy Nguyen , Tin Van Huynh , Anh Gia-Tuan Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen

Question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) has become a popular approach to help users extract information from knowledge bases. Although several systems exist, choosing one suitable for a particular application scenario is difficult.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Khiem Vinh Tran , Hao Phu Phan , Khang Nguyen Duc Quach , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen , Jun Jo , Thanh Tam Nguyen

Table Question Answering (TQA) aims at composing an answer to a question based on tabular data. While prior research has shown that TQA models lack robustness, understanding the underlying cause and nature of this issue remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Wei Zhou , Mohsen Mesgar , Heike Adel , Annemarie Friedrich

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) is a critical yet challenging task due to the vast number of entities within knowledge bases and the diversity of natural language questions posed by users. Unfortunately, the performance of most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Zhenyu Li , Sunqi Fan , Yu Gu , Xiuxing Li , Zhichao Duan , Bowen Dong , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

Open-domain question answering (OpenQA) is an important branch of textual QA which discovers answers for the given questions based on a large number of unstructured documents. Effectively mining correct answers from the open-domain sources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Tingting Liang , Yixuan Jiang , Congying Xia , Ziqiang Zhao , Yuyu Yin , Philip S. Yu

Recently, multilingual question answering became a crucial research topic, and it is receiving increased interest in the NLP community. However, the unavailability of large-scale datasets makes it challenging to train multilingual QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Casimiro Pio Carrino , Marta R. Costa-jussà , José A. R. Fonollosa

Question Answering (QA) datasets have been instrumental in developing and evaluating Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities. However, such datasets are scarce for languages other than English due to the cost and difficulties of collection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Gayane Ghazaryan , Erik Arakelyan , Pasquale Minervini , Isabelle Augenstein

Over the last twenty years, significant progress has been made in designing and implementing Question Answering (QA) systems. However, addressing complex questions, the answers to which are spread across multiple documents, remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Sourav Saha , Dwaipayan Roy , Mandar Mitra

Multilingual question answering tasks typically assume answers exist in the same language as the question. Yet in practice, many languages face both information scarcity -- where languages have few reference articles -- and information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Akari Asai , Jungo Kasai , Jonathan H. Clark , Kenton Lee , Eunsol Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

This study focuses on the evaluation of the Open Question Answering (Open-QA) task, which can directly estimate the factuality of large language models (LLMs). Current automatic evaluation methods have shown limitations, indicating that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Cunxiang Wang , Sirui Cheng , Qipeng Guo , Yuanhao Yue , Bowen Ding , Zhikun Xu , Yidong Wang , Xiangkun Hu , Zheng Zhang , Yue Zhang

We present FoQA, a Faroese extractive question-answering (QA) dataset with 2,000 samples, created using a semi-automated approach combining Large Language Models (LLMs) and human validation. The dataset was generated from Faroese Wikipedia…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Annika Simonsen , Dan Saattrup Nielsen , Hafsteinn Einarsson

Question answering (QA) aims to understand questions and find appropriate answers. In real-world QA systems, Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) based QA is usually a practical and effective solution, especially for some complicated questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Ruobing Xie , Yanan Lu , Fen Lin , Leyu Lin

State-of-the-art extractive question-answering models achieve superhuman performances on the SQuAD benchmark. Yet, they are unreasonably heavy and need expensive GPU computing to answer questions in a reasonable time. Thus, they cannot be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Sofian Chaybouti , Achraf Saghe , Aymen Shabou

Question Answering (QA) datasets are crucial in assessing reading comprehension skills for both machines and humans. While numerous datasets have been developed in English for this purpose, a noticeable void exists in less-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Tomás Freitas Osório , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

Answering questions related to the legal domain is a complex task, primarily due to the intricate nature and diverse range of legal document systems. Providing an accurate answer to a legal query typically necessitates specialized knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Bhawna Piryani , Adam Jatowt

While there has been substantial progress in factoid question-answering (QA), answering complex questions remains challenging, typically requiring both a large body of knowledge and inference techniques. Open Information Extraction (Open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark