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Anharmonic potential quantum system play crucial role in physics as they provide a more realistic description of oscillatory phenomena, which often deviate from the idealized harmonic model. However, simulating such system on classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Saurav Suman , Bikash K. Behera , Vivek Vyas , Prasanta k. Panigrahi

To obtain estimates of electronic energies, the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) technique performs separate measurements for multiple parts of the system Hamiltonian. Current quantum hardware is restricted to projective single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Artur F. Izmaylov , Tzu-Ching Yen , Robert A. Lang , Vladyslav Verteletskyi

Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs) are successful algorithms for studying physical systems on quantum computers. Recently, they were extended to the measurement-based model of quantum computing, bringing resource graph states and their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Albie Chan , Zheng Shi , Luca Dellantonio , Wolfgang Dür , Christine A. Muschik

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is an algorithm for finding the ground states of a given Hamiltonian. Its application to binary-formulated combinatorial optimization (CO) has been widely studied in recent years. However, typical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Ningyi Xie , Xinwei Lee , Tiejin Chen , Yoshiyuki Saito , Nobuyoshi Asai , Dongsheng Cai

The contextual subspace variational quantum eigensolver (CS-VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm that approximates the ground-state energy of a given qubit Hamiltonian. It achieves this by separating the Hamiltonian into contextual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Alexis Ralli , Tim Weaving , Andrew Tranter , William M. Kirby , Peter J. Love , Peter V. Coveney

Variational Quantum algorithms, especially Quantum Approximate Optimization and Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) have established their potential to provide computational advantage in the realm of combinatorial optimization. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Dheeraj Peddireddy , Utkarsh Priyam , Vaneet Aggarwal

The social worker scheduling problem is a class of combinatorial optimization problems that combines scheduling with routing issues. These types of problems with classical computing can only be solved, in the best of cases, in an…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that leverage on classical optimization tools to find the optimal parameters for a parameterized quantum circuit. One relevant application of VQAs is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Mirko Legnini , Julian Berberich

We consider the question of how correlated the system hardness is between classical algorithms of electronic structure theory in ground state estimation and quantum algorithms. To define the system hardness for classical algorithms we…

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising and widely used algorithms for exploiting the capabilities of current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. However, VQE algorithms suffer from a plethora of…

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a promising candidate for quantum applications on near-term Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Despite a lot of empirical studies and recent progress in theoretical understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-26 Xuchen You , Shouvanik Chakrabarti , Xiaodi Wu

Current implementations of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) technique for solving the electronic structure problem involve splitting the system qubit Hamiltonian into parts whose elements commute within their single qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-08 Artur F. Izmaylov , Tzu-Ching Yen , Ilya G. Ryabinkin

Quantum chemistry is among the most promising applications of quantum computing, offering the potential to solve complex electronic structure problems more efficiently than classical approaches. A critical component of any quantum algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Smik Patel , Praveen Jayakumar , Tzu-Ching Yen , Artur F. Izmaylov

We describe the contextual subspace variational quantum eigensolver (CS-VQE), a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for approximating the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian. The approximation to the ground state energy is obtained as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-19 William M. Kirby , Andrew Tranter , Peter J. Love

Constraints in power consumption and computational power limit the skill of operational numerical weather prediction by classical computing methods. Quantum computing could potentially address both of these challenges. Herein, we present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Reuben Demirdjian , Daniel Gunlycke , Carolyn A. Reynolds , James D. Doyle , Sergio Tafur

Quantum Computing is believed to be the ultimate solution for quantum chemistry problems. Before the advent of large-scale, fully fault-tolerant quantum computers, the variational quantum eigensolver~(VQE) is a promising heuristic quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Chu Guo , Yi Fan , Zhiqian Xu , Honghui Shang

Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) optimizes parameterized eigenstates of a Hamiltonian on a quantum processor by updating parameters with a classical computer. Such a hybrid quantum-classical optimization serves as a practical way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-18 Dan-Bo Zhang , Tao Yin

The problem of finding the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian using a quantum computer is currently solved using either the quantum phase estimation (QPE) or variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithms. For precision $\epsilon$, QPE…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 Daochen Wang , Oscar Higgott , Stephen Brierley

Quantum Chemistry (QC) is one of the most promising applications of Quantum Computing. However, present quantum processing units (QPUs) are still subject to large errors. Therefore, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Mohammad Haidar , Marko J. Rančić , Thomas Ayral , Yvon Maday , Jean-Philip Piquemal

Great efforts have been dedicated in recent years to explore practical applications for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, which is a fundamental and challenging problem in quantum computing. As one of the most promising…

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