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I show that physical devices that perform observation, prediction, or recollection share an underlying mathematical structure. I call devices with that structure "inference devices". I present a set of existence and impossibility results…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-11-26 David H. Wolpert

The dual of a map is a fundamental construction on combinatorial maps, but many other combinatorial objects also possess their notion of duality. For instance, the Tamari lattice is isomorphic to its order dual, which induces an involution…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-16 Wenjie Fang

A classical problem in grammatical inference is to identify a language from a set of examples. In this paper, we address the problem of identifying a union of languages from examples that belong to several different unknown languages.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-21 Alexis Linard , Colin de la Higuera , Frits Vaandrager

This paper gives a generative model of the interpretation of formal logic for data-driven logical reasoning. The key idea is to represent the interpretation as likelihood of a formula being true given a model of formal logic. Using the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Hiroyuki Kido

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) inference learns interpretable logical rules for temporal behaviors in dynamical systems. To ensure the correctness of learned STL formulas, recent approaches have incorporated conformal prediction as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yixuan Wang , Danyang Li , Matthew Cleaveland , Roberto Tron , Mingyu Cai

This paper enlarges classical syllogistic logic with assertions having to do with comparisons between the sizes of sets. So it concerns a logical system whose sentences are of the following forms: {\sf All $x$ are $y$} and {\sf Some $x$ are…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-03-25 Lawrence S. Moss , Selçuk Topal

This paper provides a fresh perspective on the representation of distributive bilattices and of related varieties. The techniques of naturalduality are employed to give, economically and in a uniform way, categories ofstructures dually…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-01-16 L. M. Cabrer , H. A. Priestley

Stochastic Thermodynamics (ST) extends the notions of classical thermodynamics to trajectories taken from a nonequilibrium ensemble. This extension yields a simple approach to fluctuation relations in small systems. Multiple time- and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-10-19 Bernhard Altaner

This paper introduces a logical system, called BV, which extends multiplicative linear logic by a non-commutative self-dual logical operator. This extension is particularly challenging for the sequent calculus, and so far it is not achieved…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Alessio Guglielmi

We revisit the duality between Kripke and algebraic semantics of intuitionistic and intuitionistic modal logic. We find that there is a certain mismatch between the two semantics, which means that not all algebraic models can be embedded…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-18 G. A. Kavvos

Previous research into the relation between ASP and classical logic has identified at least two different ways in which the former extends the latter. First, ASP program typically contain sets of rules that can be naturally interpreted as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-01-09 Joost Vennekens , Marc Denecker

It is common practice in statistical data analysis to perform data-driven variable selection and derive statistical inference from the resulting model. Such inference enjoys none of the guarantees that classical statistical theory provides…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-06-06 Richard Berk , Lawrence Brown , Andreas Buja , Kai Zhang , Linda Zhao

It has been shown that a functional interpretation of proofs in mathematical analysis can be given by the product of selection functions, a mode of recursion that has an intuitive reading in terms of the computation of optimal strategies in…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-04-25 Paulo Oliva , Thomas Powell

Recent developments in the categorical foundations of universal algebra have given fresh impetus to an understanding of the lambda calculus coming from categorical logic: an interpretation is a semi-closed algebraic theory. Scott's…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-22 Martin Hyland

In this note we prove the optimality of a family of known coincidence theorems for absolutely summing multilinear operators. We connect our results with the theory of multiple summing multilinear operators and prove the sharpness of similar…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-10-06 Daniel Pellegrino

Ramsey Theorem [6] for pairs is intuitionistically but not classically provable: it is equivalent to a subclassical principle [2]. In this note we show that Ramsey may be restated in an intuitionistically provable form, which is informative…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-14 Stefano Berardi

This is an essay in what might be called ``mathematical metaphysics.'' There is a fundamental duality that run through mathematics and the natural sciences. The duality starts as the logical level; it is represented by the Boolean logic of…

General Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 David Ellerman

The notion of delay between finite transducers is a core element of numerous fundamental results of transducer theory. The goal of this work is to provide a similar notion for more complex abstract machines: we introduce a new notion of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Emmanuel Filiot , Ismaël Jecker , Christof Löding , Sarah Winter

We prove a theorem on the intersection theory over a Noetherian local ring $R$, which gives a new proof of a classical theorem of Rees about degree functions. To obtain this, we define an intersection product on schemes that are proper and…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-03-28 Steven Dale Cutkosky , Jonathan Montaño

A question is proposed whether or not set theory is consistent.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Hitoshi Kitada