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While several high profile video games have served as testbeds for Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), this technique has rarely been employed by the game industry for crafting authentic AI behaviors. Previous research focuses on training…

The development of athletic humanoid robots has gained significant attention as advances in actuation, sensing, and control enable increasingly dynamic, real-world capabilities. RoboCup, an international competition of fully autonomous…

SciSports is a Dutch startup company specializing in football analytics. This paper describes a joint research effort with SciSports, during the Study Group Mathematics with Industry 2018 at Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The main challenge…

One of the most important and challenging problems in football is predicting future player performance when transferred to another club within and between different leagues. In addition to being the most valuable prediction a team makes, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Daniel Dinsdale , Joe Gallagher

Capturing the playing style of professional soccer coaches is a complex, and yet barely explored, task in sports analytics. Nowadays, the availability of digital data describing every relevant spatio-temporal aspect of soccer matches,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Paolo Cintia , Luca Pappalardo

Soccer broadcast video understanding has been drawing a lot of attention in recent years within data scientists and industrial companies. This is mainly due to the lucrative potential unlocked by effective deep learning techniques developed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Anthony Cioppa , Adrien Deliège , Floriane Magera , Silvio Giancola , Olivier Barnich , Bernard Ghanem , Marc Van Droogenbroeck

Soccer analytics rely on two data sources: the player positions on the pitch and the sequences of events they perform. With around 2000 ball events per game, their precise and exhaustive annotation based on a monocular video stream remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jeremie Ochin , Guillaume Devineau , Bogdan Stanciulescu , Sotiris Manitsaris

Technology offers new ways to measure the locations of the players and of the ball in sports. This translates to the trajectories the ball takes on the field as a result of the tactics the team applies. The challenge professionals in soccer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Laszlo Gyarmati , Xavier Anguera

The selection of an appropriate competition format is critical for both the success and credibility of any competition, both real and simulated. In this paper, the automated parallelism offered by the RoboCupSoccer 2D simulation league is…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2014-06-27 David Budden , Peter Wang , Oliver Obst , Mikhail Prokopenko

The goal of this project is to predict the opponent's configuration in a RoboCup SSL environment. For simplicity, a Markov model assumption is made such that the predicted formation of the opponent team only depends on its current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Selene Baez

Prediction of the real-time multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games' match outcome is one of the most important and exciting tasks in Esports analytical research. This research paper predominantly focuses on building predictive machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Kodirjon Akhmedov , Anh Huy Phan

Physically-realistic simulated environments are powerful platforms for enabling measurable, replicable and statistically-robust investigation of complex robotic systems. Such environments are epitomised by the RoboCup simulation leagues,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2014-12-19 David M Budden , Peter Wang , Oliver Obst , Mikhail Prokopenko

Soccer Simulation 2D League is one of the major leagues of RoboCup competitions. In a Soccer Simulation 2D (SS2D) game, two teams of 11 players and one coach compete against each other. Several base codes have been released for the RoboCup…

In soccer, passing is the most frequent interaction between players and plays a significant role in creating scoring chances. Experts are interested in analyzing players' passing behavior to learn passing tactics, i.e., how players build up…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Xiao Xie , Jiachen Wang , Hongye Liang , Dazhen Deng , Shoubin Cheng , Hui Zhang , Wei Chen , Yingcai Wu

Predicting outcomes in sports is important for teams, leagues, bettors, media, and fans. Given the growing amount of player tracking data, sports analytics models are increasingly utilizing spatially-derived features built upon player…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Peter Xenopoulos , Claudio Silva

Robust and accurate ball detection is a critical component for autonomous humanoid soccer robots, particularly in dynamic and challenging environments such as RoboCup outdoor fields. However, traditional supervised approaches require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Can Lin , Daniele Affinita , Marco E. P. Zimmatore , Daniele Nardi , Domenico D. Bloisi , Vincenzo Suriani

We apply multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (RL) to train end-to-end robot soccer policies with fully onboard computation and sensing via egocentric RGB vision. This setting reflects many challenges of real-world robotics, including…

Transfers in professional football (soccer) are risky investments because of the large transfer fees and high risks involved. Although data-driven models can be used to improve transfer decisions, existing models focus on describing…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-29 Koen W. van Arem , Floris Goes-Smit , Jakob Söhl

Datascouting is one of the most known data applications in professional sport, and specifically football. Its objective is to analyze huge database of players in order to detect high potentials that can be then individually considered by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Simon Lacan

RoboCup Soccer Simulation 2D (SS2D) research is hampered by the complexity of existing Cpp-based codes like Helios, Cyrus, and Gliders, which also suffer from limited integration with modern machine learning frameworks. This development…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Nader Zare , Aref Sayareh , Alireza Sadraii , Arad Firouzkouhi , Amilcar Soares