Related papers: Bounds on tree distribution in number theory

We consider a random tree and introduce a metric in the space of trees to define the ``mean tree'' as the tree minimizing the average distance to the random tree. When the resulting metric space is compact we have laws of large numbers and…

We discuss a notion of convergence for binary trees that is based on subtree sizes. In analogy to recent developments in the theory of graphs, posets and permutations we investigate some general aspects of the topology, such as a…

The classes of tree permutations and forest permutations were defined by Acan and Hitczenko (2016). We study random permutations of a given length from these classes, and in particular the number of occurrences of a fixed pattern in one of…

We prove a lower bound on the number of spanning two-forests in a graph, in terms of the number of vertices, edges, and spanning trees. This implies an upper bound on the average cut size of a random two-forest. The main tool is an identity…

When considering the number of subtrees of trees, the extremal structures which maximize this number among binary trees and trees with a given maximum degree lead to some interesting facts that correlate to other graphical indices in…

We consider random binary trees that appear as the output of certain standard algorithms for sorting and searching if the input is random. We introduce the subtree size metric on search trees and show that the resulting metric spaces…

For a pair consisting of a gene tree and a species tree, the ancestral configurations at an internal node of the species tree are the distinct sets of gene lineages that can be present at that node. Ancestral configurations appear in…

The time process of transport on randomly evolving trees is investigated. By introducing the notions of living and dead nodes a model of random tree evolution is constructed which describes the spreading in time of objects corresponding to…

This is a survey of the theory of real trees and their applications.

We investigate the statistics of trees grown from some initial tree by attaching links to preexisting vertices, with attachment probabilities depending only on the valence of these vertices. We consider the asymptotic mass distribution that…

This study is dedicated to precise distributional analyses of the height of non-plane unlabelled binary trees ("Otter trees"), when trees of a given size are taken with equal likelihood. The height of a rooted tree of size $n$ is proved to…

Based on decision trees, many fields have arguably made tremendous progress in recent years. In simple words, decision trees use the strategy of "divide-and-conquer" to divide the complex problem on the dependency between input features and…

We consider the rooted trees which not have isomorphic representation and introduce a conception of complexity a natural number also. The connection between quantity such trees with $n$ edges and a complexity of natural number $n$ is…

We present here a new and universal approach for the study of random and/or trees, unifying in one framework many different models, including some novel ones not yet understood in the literature. An and/or tree is a Boolean expression…

While the notion of arboricity of a graph is well-known in graph theory, very few results are dedicated to the minimal number of trees covering the edges of a graph, called the tree number of a graph.

We consider Gibbs distributions on finite random plane trees with bounded branching. We show that as the order of the tree grows to infinity, the distribution of any finite neighborhood of the root of the tree converges to a limit. We…

Trees are partial orders in which every element has a linearly ordered set of predecessors. Here we initiate the exploration of the structural theory of trees with the study of different notions of \emph{branching in trees} and of…

We consider so-called simple families of labelled trees, which contain, e.g., ordered, unordered, binary and cyclic labelled trees as special instances, and study the global and local behaviour of the number of inversions. In particular we…

In this paper, we study a regular rooted coloured tree with random labels assigned to its edges, where the distribution of the label assigned to an edge depends on the colours of its endpoints. We obtain some new results relevant to this…

Bounded infinite graphs are defined on the basis of natural physical requirements. When specialized to trees this definition leads to a natural conjecture that the average connectivity dimension of bounded trees cannot exceed two. We verify…