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Pre-trained language models have recently emerged as a powerful tool for fine-tuning a variety of language tasks. Ideally, when models are pre-trained on large amount of data, they are expected to gain implicit knowledge. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Mohamad Ballout , Ulf Krumnack , Gunther Heidemann , Kai-Uwe Kühnberger

Code pre-trained models (CodePTMs) have recently demonstrated significant success in code intelligence. To interpret these models, some probing methods have been applied. However, these methods fail to consider the inherent characteristics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Nuo Chen , Qiushi Sun , Renyu Zhu , Xiang Li , Xuesong Lu , Ming Gao

Code completion has become an essential component of integrated development environments. Contemporary code completion methods rely on the abstract syntax tree (AST) to generate syntactically correct code. However, they cannot fully capture…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Yanlin Wang , Hui Li

The integration of AI-assisted coding tools within development environments drastically reduces development time, and allows developers to focus more on creative and critical aspects of software engineering through the use of Code Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Kishanthan Thangarajah , Arthur Leung , Boyuan Chen , Ahmed E. Hassan

LLM-based code agents treat repositories as unstructured text, applying edits through brittle string matching that frequently fails due to formatting drift or ambiguous patterns. We propose reframing the codebase as a structured action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Myeongsoo Kim , Joe Hsu , Dingmin Wang , Shweta Garg , Varun Kumar , Murali Krishna Ramanathan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning and tool-use capabilities, yet they often fail in real-world tool-interactions due to incorrect parameterization, poor tool selection, or misinterpretation of user intent.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hy Dang , Tianyi Liu , Zhuofeng Wu , Jingfeng Yang , Haoming Jiang , Tao Yang , Pei Chen , Zhengyang Wang , Helen Wang , Huasheng Li , Bing Yin , Meng Jiang

Current language models tailored for code tasks often adopt the pre-training-then-fine-tuning paradigm from natural language processing, modeling source code as plain text. This approach, however, overlooks the unambiguous structures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Mayank Agarwal , Yikang Shen , Bailin Wang , Yoon Kim , Jie Chen

Code translation migrates codebases across programming languages. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant advancements in software mining. However, handling the syntactic structure of source code remains a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yali Du , Hui Sun , Ming Li

With the rapid expansion of web-based applications and cloud services, malicious JavaScript code continues to pose significant threats to user privacy, system integrity, and enterprise security. But, detecting such threats remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zhihong Liang , Xin Wang , Zhenhuang Hu , Liangliang Song , Lin Chen , Jingjing Guo , Yanbin Wang , Ye Tian

Among the programming languages for Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Structured Text (ST) is widely adopted for industrial automation due to its expressiveness and flexibility. However, major vendors implement ST with proprietary…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Donghao Yang , Aolang Wu , Tianyi Zhang , Li Zhang , Fang Liu , Xiaoli Lian , Yuming Ren , Jiaji Tian , Xiaoyin Che

Sparsity-aware training is an effective approach for transforming large language models (LLMs) into hardware-friendly sparse patterns, thereby reducing latency and memory consumption during inference. In this paper, we propose Continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Weiyu Huang , Yuezhou Hu , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Understanding the relationships between protein sequence, structure and function is a long-standing biological challenge with manifold implications from drug design to our understanding of evolution. Recently, protein language models have…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-29 Dexiong Chen , Philip Hartout , Paolo Pellizzoni , Carlos Oliver , Karsten Borgwardt

Large language models (LLMs) transcend passive generation and act as goal-directed agents by invoking external tools. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a principled framework for optimizing these emergent tool-use policies, yet the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Jie Cao , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Ran He

Unlike the flow structure of natural languages, programming languages have an inherent rigidity in structure and grammar.However, existing detection methods based on pre-trained models typically treat code as a natural language sequence,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ziliang Wang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Yingfei Xiong , Zhi Jin

Source code comes in different shapes and forms. Previous research has already shown code to be more predictable than natural language as well as highlighted its statistical predictability at the token level: source code can be natural.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Profir-Petru Pârţachi , Mahito Sugiyama

To effectively guide the exploration of the code transform space for automated code evolution techniques, we present in this paper the first approach for structurally predicting code transforms at the level of AST nodes using conditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Zhongxing Yu , Matias Martinez , Zimin Chen , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Martin Monperrus

Deep learning is being used extensively in a variety of software engineering tasks, e.g., program classification and defect prediction. Although the technique eliminates the required process of feature engineering, the construction of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Zhehao Zhao , Bo Yang , Ge Li , Huai Liu , Zhi Jin

Recently, there has been a growing interest in automatic software vulnerability detection. Pre-trained model-based approaches have demonstrated superior performance than other Deep Learning (DL)-based approaches in detecting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Xin-Cheng Wen , Cuiyun Gao , Shuzheng Gao , Yang Xiao , Michael R. Lyu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in code generation, they often struggle with the deep, long-horizon reasoning required for complex software engineering. We attribute this limitation to the nature of…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become essential for large-scale code generation, grounding predictions in external code corpora to improve actuality. However, a critical yet underexplored aspect of RAG pipelines is chunking -- the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yilin Zhang , Xinran Zhao , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Chenyang Yang , Jiayi Wei , Tongshuang Wu