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There are many cases where LLMs are used for specific tasks in a single domain. These usually require less general, but more domain-specific knowledge. Highly capable, general-purpose state-of-the-art language models like GPT-4 or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Tobias Kerner

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their transformative potential across numerous disciplinary studies, reshaping the existing research methodologies and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. However, a systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Lu Xiang , Yang Zhao , Yaping Zhang , Chengqing Zong

In the fast-evolving domain of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 and GPT-4 are revolutionizing the landscapes of finance, healthcare, and law: domains characterized by their reliance on professional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Zhiyu Zoey Chen , Jing Ma , Xinlu Zhang , Nan Hao , An Yan , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Xianjun Yang , Julian McAuley , Linda Petzold , William Yang Wang

Generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), is beginning to transform the financial industry by automating tasks and helping to make sense of complex financial information. One especially promising use case is the automatic…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-11 Zonghan Wu , Congyuan Zou , Junlin Wang , Chenhan Wang , Hangjing Yang , Yilei Shao

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities with core Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The effectiveness of LMs for highly specialized knowledge-intensive tasks in finance remains difficult to assess due to major…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Glenn Matlin , Mika Okamoto , Huzaifa Pardawala , Yang Yang , Sudheer Chava

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in quantitative finance for stock price forecasting. This review synthesizes recent applications of LLMs in this domain, including extracting sentiment from financial news and social…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-08 Olivia Zhang , Zhilin Zhang

Collecting labeled datasets in finance is challenging due to scarcity of domain experts and higher cost of employing them. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in data annotation tasks on general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Toyin Aguda , Suchetha Siddagangappa , Elena Kochkina , Simerjot Kaur , Dongsheng Wang , Charese Smiley , Sameena Shah

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the unique capability to understand and generate human-like text from input queries. When fine-tuned, these models show enhanced performance on domain-specific queries. OpenAI highlights the process of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Scott Barnett , Zac Brannelly , Stefanus Kurniawan , Sheng Wong

This report examines the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs), integrating theoretical insights with practical applications. It outlines the historical evolution of LLMs from traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy , Ahtsham Zafar , Aafaq Khan , Arsalan Shahid

The rapid evolution of specialized large language models (LLMs) has transitioned from simple domain adaptation to sophisticated native architectures, marking a paradigm shift in AI development. This survey systematically examines this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Chenghan Yang , Ruiyu Zhao , Yang Liu , Ling Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in transforming clinical applications. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of four techniques in adapting LLMs for clinical use-cases: continuous pretraining,…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in world knowledge understanding, adapting them to specific subfields requires precise adjustments. Due to the model's vast scale, traditional global fine-tuning methods for large models can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Jiawei Chen , Yue Jiang , Dingkang Yang , Mingcheng Li , Jinjie Wei , Ziyun Qian , Lihua Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in financial analysis for interpreting complex market data and trends. However, their use is challenged by intrinsic biases (e.g., risk-preference bias) and a superficial understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yuhang Zhou , Yuchen Ni , Yunhui Gan , Zhangyue Yin , Xiang Liu , Jian Zhang , Sen Liu , Xipeng Qiu , Guangnan Ye , Hongfeng Chai

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, particularly large language models (LLMs), in finance has garnered increasing academic attention. Despite progress, existing studies predominantly focus on tasks like financial…

Over the past few years, various domain-specific pretrained language models (PLMs) have been proposed and have outperformed general-domain PLMs in specialized areas such as biomedical, scientific, and clinical domains. In addition,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jaeyoung Choe , Keonwoong Noh , Nayeon Kim , Seyun Ahn , Woohwan Jung

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in domain-specific machine translation (MT). However, one major issue is that LLMs pre-trained on general domain corpus might not generalize well to specific domains due to the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jiawei Zheng , Hanghai Hong , Feiyan Liu , Xiaoli Wang , Jingsong Su , Yonggui Liang , Shikai Wu

Large language models (LLMs) are deep learning algorithms being used to perform natural language processing tasks in various fields, from social sciences to finance and biomedical sciences. Developing and training a new LLM can be very…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-23 Valentina Aparicio , Daniel Gordon , Sebastian G. Huayamares , Yuhuai Luo

Adapting language models (LMs) to novel domains is often achieved through fine-tuning a pre-trained LM (PLM) on domain-specific data. Fine-tuning introduces new knowledge into an LM, enabling it to comprehend and efficiently perform a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Micheal Abaho , Danushka Bollegala , Gary Leeming , Dan Joyce , Iain E Buchan

This paper explores the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in financial risk detection. By constructing an NLP-based financial risk detection model, this study aims to identify and predict potential risks in financial…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-21 Liyang Wang , Yu Cheng , Ao Xiang , Jingyu Zhang , Haowei Yang

In this study, the performance of various predictive models, including probabilistic baseline, CNN, LSTM, and finetuned LLMs, in forecasting merchant categories from financial transaction data have been evaluated. Utilizing datasets from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Halil Ibrahim Ergul , Selim Balcisoy , Burcin Bozkaya