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Birds have a remarkable ability to obtain navigational information from the Earth's magnetic field. The primary detection mechanism of this compass sense is uncertain but appears to involve the quantum spin dynamics of radical pairs formed…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-09-18 Daniel R. Kattnig , P. J. Hore

It is hypothesised that the avian compass relies on spin dynamics in a recombining radical pair. Quantum coherence has been suggested as a resource to this process that nature may utilise to achieve increased compass sensitivity. To date,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Luke D. Smith , Jean Deviers , Daniel R. Kattnig

A quantum-based magnetic compass sensor, mediated through radical pair reactions, has been suggested to underlie the sensory ability of migrating birds to receive directional information from the geomagnetic field. Here we extend the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2013-09-26 Maria Procopio , Thorsten Ritz

We review the spin radical pair mechanism which is a promising explanation of avian navigation. This mechanism is based on the dependence of product yields on (1) the hyperfine interaction involving electron spins and neighboring nuclear…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Yiteng Zhang , Gennady P. Berman , Sabre Kais

The radical-pair-based chemical reaction could be used by birds for the navigation via the geomagnetic direction. An inherent physical mechanism is that the quantum coherent transition from a singlet state to triplet states of the radical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-23 C. Y. Cai , Qing Ai , H. T. Quan , C. P. Sun

Cryptochrome flavoproteins are prime candidates for mediating magnetic sensing in migratory animals via the radical pair mechanism (RPM), a spin-dependent process initiated by photoinduced electron transfer. The canonical FAD-tryptophan…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-01 Zou Chengye , Liu Ya-jun , Wang Beibei

The radical pair mechanism is one of the two main hypotheses to explain the navigability of animals in weak magnetic fields, enabling e.g. birds to see the Earth's magnetic field. It also plays an essential role in the field of spin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-08 Jianming Cai , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi , Hans J. Briegel

Radical-ion pairs and their reactions have triggered the study of quantum effects in biological systems. This is because they exhibit a number of effects best understood within quantum information science, and at the same time are central…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-06 K. M. Vitalis , I. K. Kominis

Magnetosensitive spin-correlated radical-pairs (SCRPs) offer a promising platform for noise-robust quantum metrology. However, unavoidable interradical interactions, such as electron-electron dipolar and exchange couplings, alongside…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Luke D. Smith , Farhan T. Chowdhury , Jonas Glatthard , Daniel R. Kattnig

The ability of migratory birds to orient relative to the Earth's magnetic field is believed to involve a coherent superposition of two spin states of a radical electron pair. However, the mechanism by which this coherence can be maintained…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-10-22 Zachary B. Walters

The chemical compass model, based on radical pair reactions, is a fascinating idea to explain avian magnetoreception. At present, questions concerning the key ingredients responsible for the high sensitivity of a chemical compass and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-12 Jianming Cai , Filippo Caruso , Martin B. Plenio

The mechanism used by migratory birds to orientate themselves using the geomagnetic field is still a mystery in many species. The radical pair mechanism, in which very weak magnetic fields can influence certain types of spin-dependent…

Biological Physics · Physics 2013-09-24 Neill Lambert , Simone De Liberato , Clive Emary , Franco Nori

Sensing of the geomagnetic field direction by many living organisms is commonly thought to involve radical pairs, such as those formed photochemically between the flavin and tryptophan radicals in the cryptochrome proteins. Previous…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Victor Bezchastnov , Tatiana Domratcheva

The quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound sets a fundamental limit on the accuracy of unbiased parameter estimation in quantum systems, relating the uncertainty in determining a parameter to the inverse of the quantum Fisher information. We…

Migratory birds and other species have the ability to navigate by sensing the geomagnetic field. Recent experiments indicate that the essential process in the navigation takes place in bird's eye and uses chemical reaction involving…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-09-18 Jayendra N. Bandyopadhyay , Tomasz Paterek , Dagomir Kaszlikowski

Quantum computing applications in diverse domains are emerging rapidly. Given the limitations of classical computing techniques, the peculiarity of quantum circuits, which can observe quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 Hillol Biswas , Spyridon Talaganis

The radical pair model has been successful in explaining behavioral characteristics of the geomagnetic compass believed to underlie the navigation capability of certain avian species. In this study, the spin dynamics of the radical pair…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-01-29 Vishvendra Singh Poonia , Dipankar Saha , Swaroop Ganguly

The radical pair mechanism is one of two distinct mechanisms used to explain the navigation of birds in geomagnetic fields. However, little research has been done to explore the role of quantum entanglement in this mechanism. In this paper,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 James A. Pauls , Yiteng Zhang , Gennady P. Berman , Sabre Kais

Radical pair recombination reactions are known to be sensitive to extremely weak magnetic fields, and can therefore be said to function as molecular magnetoreceptors. The classic example is a carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene (C+PF-) radical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-04-24 Lachlan P. Lindoy , Thomas P. Fay , David E. Manolopoulos

The radical pair (RP) mechanism, which describes the quantum dynamics of a spatially separated electron pair, is considered as one of the principal models of avian magnetoreception. Different from the conventional phenomenological approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-05 Li-Sha Guo , Bao-Ming Xu , Jian Zou , Bin Shao
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